Intracellular accumulations and pathologic calcifications L5 Flashcards
what are sub cellular alterations ?
alterations in cells that cannot be seen through a microscope
what are intracellular accumulations ?
accumulations in abnormal amounts that take place within the cell
what are pathologic calcifications ?
deposition of calcium in areas of cell death or normal tissue.
what are the 3 groups of accumulations ?
- )accumulations of constituents of normal cell metabolism produced in excess ex: excess in lipids.
- )accumulation of abnormal substances produced as a result of abnormal metabolism ,
- )accumulation of pigments
what can be accumulated within the cell?
proteins , lipids , and carbohydrates
where exactly can these intracellular accumulations occur?
cytoplasm of nucleus
give an example of accumulation of lipids in the body .
free fatty acids in the liver
ex: obesity and diabetes
how do normal macrophages change to foamy macrophages ?
when they start ingesting excess fat or cholesterol in an attempt to rid the body from these accumulations but fails , the lipid molecules store themselves in the form of lipid vacuoles in the macrophages
when does accumulation of protein occur?
excessive reabsorption of protein in kidneys
when does accumulation of glycogen occur?
when glycogen cannot turn itself into glucose and when the cells capacity to carry glucose is reduced
ex: diabetes
what are some endogenous pigmentations ?
melanin
hemosiderin
lipofuscin
what cells produce melanin ?
melanocytes which are present in the basal cell layer of the epithelium
is melanin a hemoglobin derived pigment ?
no
what enzyme converts tyrosine to melanin ?
tyrosinase
what is oral melanosis ?
excessive melanin deposition due to hyperactivity of melanocytes
