Intra and Intermolecular Forces

Question 1

what is the differences between covalent and non-covalent interactions?

Answer 1

Covalent bonds are types of chemical bonds formed when two atoms share electrons between themselves. They are strong and stable, forming the basis for most organic molecules. Non-covalent bonds do not have a shared pair of electrons; instead, atoms attract opposite charges.

Question 2

What is the relevance of non-covalent interactions in biological systems?

Answer 2

Essential for nearly every biological activity: the transient, dynamic nature of weak intermolecular forces allows the flexibility requires for life to exist.

Question 3

What is the main characteristics of Ionic Interactions?

Answer 3

• The are crystalline solids, and are brittle in nature
• They have high melting and boiling points.
• They are soluble in water
• They conduct electricity in their solution and molten states.

Question 4

What are temporary dipoles interactions?

Answer 4

Created when electrons, which are in constant movement around the nucleus, spontaneously come into close proximity.

Question 5

What is permanent dipoles?

Answer 5

They occur when two atoms in a molecule have substantially different electronegativity

Question 6

What are London Dispersion forces?

Answer 6

A temporary attractive force due to the formation of temporary dipoles in a nonpolar molecule.

Question 7

What are Van der Waals forces?

Answer 7

Weak electrostatic forces that attract neutral molecules to one another

Question 8

What is hydrophobic interactions?

Answer 8

Nonpolar species that tend to cluster in water in order to decrease the overall interfacial area between the hydrophobic species and water.

Question 9

Hydrogen bonding and physical chemical properties?

Answer 9

The ability to form hydrogen bonds has a significant impact on the physical-chemical properties of compounds. Water, hydrofluoric acid, and ammonia can form strong hydrogen bonds

The strong directionally of hydrogen bonds causes water to freeze in a highly ordered structure. Ice - they are stable. Liquid water - constantly break and reform

Question 10

What is Aromatic pi stacking?

Answer 10

Aromatic rings are flat structures with p/pi electrons floating above and below the plane of the ring.
Aromatic rings can interact through an additional set of non-covalent interactions called pi stacking.

Question 11

What is Cation-pi?

Answer 11

Interaction can be formed in the mechanism that allows tryptophan to recognise acetylcholine when it binds to the nicotinic receptor.