Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Define Ionic bonds?

Answer 1

Ionic bonds are electrostatic in nature and rely on the attraction between opposite charges. Metals and nonmetals react with each other to form ionic compounds

Question 2

What is a dative bond?

Answer 2

o Dative bonds is formed when the pair of electrons shared to form a covalent bonds comes from a single atom

Question 3

What is covalent bond?

Answer 3

Covalent bonds are electrostatic attraction between shared pair of nuclei

Homopolar – electronegativity difference <0.5
Polar – electronegativity 0.5< but <2.0

Question 4

Explain the three types of dative bonds?

Answer 4

Kepert model – the coordination number determines the geometry of the complex

Chelation – when a metal forms a complex with I ligand capable of forming more than one coordination bond

Haem – structure responsible for the ability of haemoglobin to bind to oxygen

Question 5

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Valence bond theory?

Answer 5

Advantages
Enables us to readily understand the shape and reactivity of biological structures

Disadvantages
It cannot explain photochemical reactions

Question 6

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Molecular Orbital Theory?

Answer 6

Advantages
Allows to rationalise curly arrow mechanisms
Widely used in theoretical chemistry

Disadvantages
Conceptually challenging

Question 7

define the term conjugated?

Answer 7

Conjugation is a term that refers to the ability pf electrons in a system pf double bonds to spread over the whole p system rather than staying localised on a specific double bond. Increases stability and are separated by only one single bond

Question 8

difference between bonding and non bonding pairs?

Answer 8

Lone pairs- electrons that do not participate in bonding also called non-bonding pairs.

Bonding pairs - electrons shared with another atom to create a bond, also known as a covalent bond

Question 9

Examples of hypervalent molecules

Answer 9

Phosphorus pentachloride
Sulphur hexafluoride
Chlorine trifluoride