Guided Tour to the Cell Flashcards
What is the size of Prokaryotes?
0.1 – 5 um
What is the size of Eukaryotes?
10 – 100 um
What is Prokaryotes?
Cell enclosed by plasma membrane, divided by binary fission, genetic material not enclosed in nucleus, 70S ribosomes, no complex intracellular membrane system, lacking organelles, flagellum of bacterial type
What is Eukaryotes?
Cell enclosed by plasma membrane, divides by mitosis and meiosis, genetic material enclosed by nucleus, 80S ribosomes, intracellular membrane system, membrane-enclosed organelles, flagellum of the 9x2 +2 type
Name the main components of the cellular membrane?
Lipid Bilayer
What is the size of flagellum?
0.24-1.2 µm diameter,
5 – 10,000 µm long
What is the size of a Chloroplast?
4 µm
What is the size of Mitochondria?
0.5-1 µm
What is the size of phagosomes and lysosomes?
0.5 – 3 µm
What is the size of cell membrane?
5nm
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cell
cell wall (rigid shape)
Large Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts (autotroph)
Lack centrosomes
lack lysosomes
Animal cells
No cell wall
numerous small vacuoles
No chloroplast
centrioles/centrosomes
lysosomes
What are the similarities of animal and plant cells?
Both Eukaryotic cells
Both have cell membrane
Both have a nucleus
Both have membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
Both have nucleolus
What is Mitochondria?
A double membrane bound organelle. Own replicating circular DNA. Own Ribosomes. Internal membrane is folded into a cristae. Fission and fusion .
What is Chloroplast?
Double membrane bound organelle. Own replicating circular DNA. Own Ribosomes and internal membrane is folded as thylakoids.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
modification and packaging or proteins. Transport of proteins to the cell surfacer for secretion.
What is SER?
Detoxification of poisons. Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones.
What is the RER?
synthesis of proteins destined for cell membrane, export, organelles
What is the topology of cellular compartments?
Is the arrangement, structure and organisation of various subcellular spaces within a cell. Which are separated by membranes and serve distinct functions, helping to maintain the cell’s internal environment and enable specialised activities
Name the properties of lipids that lead to the formation of bilayers?
Their amphipathic nature, their ability to self-assemble into bilayers due to the hydrophobic effect, and their ability to maintain fluidity and stability through van der waals and electrostatic interactions.
