Guided Tour to the Cell

Question 1

What is the size of Prokaryotes?

Answer 1

0.1 – 5 um

Question 2

What is the size of Eukaryotes?

Answer 2

10 – 100 um

Question 3

What is Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Cell enclosed by plasma membrane, divided by binary fission, genetic material not enclosed in nucleus, 70S ribosomes, no complex intracellular membrane system, lacking organelles, flagellum of bacterial type

Question 4

What is Eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Cell enclosed by plasma membrane, divides by mitosis and meiosis, genetic material enclosed by nucleus, 80S ribosomes, intracellular membrane system, membrane-enclosed organelles, flagellum of the 9x2 +2 type

Question 5

Name the main components of the cellular membrane?

Answer 5

Lipid Bilayer

Question 6

What is the size of flagellum?

Answer 6

0.24-1.2 µm diameter,
5 – 10,000 µm long

Question 7

What is the size of a Chloroplast?

Answer 7

4 µm

Question 8

What is the size of Mitochondria?

Answer 8

0.5-1 µm

Question 9

What is the size of phagosomes and lysosomes?

Answer 9

0.5 – 3 µm

Question 10

What is the size of cell membrane?

Answer 10

5nm

Question 11

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 11

Plant cell
cell wall (rigid shape)
Large Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts (autotroph)
Lack centrosomes
lack lysosomes

Animal cells
No cell wall
numerous small vacuoles
No chloroplast
centrioles/centrosomes
lysosomes

Question 12

What are the similarities of animal and plant cells?

Answer 12

Both Eukaryotic cells
Both have cell membrane
Both have a nucleus
Both have membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
Both have nucleolus

Question 13

What is Mitochondria?

Answer 13

A double membrane bound organelle. Own replicating circular DNA. Own Ribosomes. Internal membrane is folded into a cristae. Fission and fusion .

Question 14

What is Chloroplast?

Answer 14

Double membrane bound organelle. Own replicating circular DNA. Own Ribosomes and internal membrane is folded as thylakoids.

Question 15

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

modification and packaging or proteins. Transport of proteins to the cell surfacer for secretion.

Question 16

What is SER?

Answer 16

Detoxification of poisons. Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones.

Question 17

What is the RER?

Answer 17

synthesis of proteins destined for cell membrane, export, organelles

Question 18

What is the topology of cellular compartments?

Answer 18

Is the arrangement, structure and organisation of various subcellular spaces within a cell. Which are separated by membranes and serve distinct functions, helping to maintain the cell’s internal environment and enable specialised activities

Question 19

Name the properties of lipids that lead to the formation of bilayers?

Answer 19

Their amphipathic nature, their ability to self-assemble into bilayers due to the hydrophobic effect, and their ability to maintain fluidity and stability through van der waals and electrostatic interactions.