Atoms and Ions Flashcards
Identify atomic shells
s ,p, d, and f
Describe the process of electrons excitation?
Excitation: If an electron is provided with the right amount of energy, it can jump from a low energy levels to a higher energy level
Describe the process of electrons relaxation?
Relaxation: When an excited electron returns to its ground state, it emits energy in the form of electromagnetic wavelength
What is Quantised Energy?
Energy supplied to the electron needs to be equal to the energy supplied to excite the electron or it won’t occur
Ionisation energy trends
Ionisation Energy decreases from top to bottom in groups
Ionisation Energy increases from left to right in periods
What is an example of ionisation equation?
496KJ/mol + Na(g) Na+(g) + e-
Predict the charge of ions
Atoms are neutral: positive charges in the nucleus and negative charges in the electron shell cancel each other
Cations are positively charged
Anions are negatively charge
Describe the shape of the atomic orbitals?
s - spherical
p - dumb bells
d - four leaf clovers
r - raspberries
How are orbitals filled?
Orbitals are filled sequentially in the order of increasing energy
What is degenerate orbitals?
Orbitals that have the same energy
What is valence shell?
Electrons in the valance shell occupy a volume of space that delineates the outer boundary of the atom
What is the Aufbau principle?
when electrons fill orbitals of progressively higher energy
What is Pauli principle?
when an orbital contains no more than two electrons
What is the Hunds rule?
when degenerate orbitals (the same energy) are partially filled before any orbital is completely filled
