Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

State the definition of monosaccharide?

Answer 1

Like glucose and galactose are the primary sources of energy that power cellular prosesses

Question 2

State the definition of disaccharide?

Answer 2

Are two covalently linked monosaccharide units, for example sucrose and lactose

Question 3

State the definition of oligosaccharides?

Answer 3

Shot polymeric carbohydrates, usually 3 to 20 monosaccharides and form side chains on some proteins

Question 4

state the definition of polysaccharide?

Answer 4

Like starch, glycogen and cellulose are polymeric carbohydrates and their monomeric units are monosaccharide

Question 5

Distinguish between the structures of aldose and ketose monosaccharides?

Answer 5

They can be distinguished from ketoses, which have the carbonyl group away from the end of the molecule and therefore ketones

Question 6

How are monosaccharides linked together to form disaccharides?

Answer 6

Cyclic monosaccharides units together to form longer chain carbohydrates, which are the simplest being disaccharides. which are formed when two monosaccharide unites are joined together.

Known as O-glycosidic bond

Question 7

What is the basic structure of fatty acids?

Answer 7

Fatty acids are divided into two class. If all the links between adjacent carbons are single bonds, then the fatty acid is said to be saturated and If the carbons are linked by double bonds then the fatty acid is unsaturated

Question 8

What is the important role played by polysaccharides as energy stores in Animal fats?

Answer 8

Tend to be saturated: Packed together tightly; solid at room temperature

Question 9

What is the important role played by polysaccharides as energy stores in Plant oils?

Answer 9

Tend to be unsaturated: the “kinks” prevent packing; liquid at room temperature.

Question 10

An example of energy storage lipids?

Answer 10

Tricylglycerols
Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 11

What is the three Membrane Lipids?

Answer 11

Glycerolsphopholipids
Glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate and amino-alcohol.

Sphinogophospholipids
Sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate and amino-alcohol.

Glycosphinogolipids
Sphingosine, fatty acid and mono-,di-, or oligosaccharide.

Question 12

What id the basic structure of a lipid?

Answer 12

Polar head and tails, cholesterol stiffened region, more fluid region
3nm in height.