into to acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

what are alkalis

A
  • sub group of babes that include an alkali metal and have an -OH group
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2
Q

what are the 3 differences between alkalis and bases

A

bases - do not dissolve in water, all bases are not alkalis, they neutralise acids

alkalis - dissolve in water, all alkalis are bases, release - OH ions to accept protons

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3
Q

what are the properties of acids

A

taste - sour
conductivity of electricity - yes
pH - less than 7
effect on litmus paper - turns red

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4
Q

what are the properties of bases

A

taste - bitter
conductivity of electricity - yes
pH - more than 7
effect on litmus paper - turns blue

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5
Q

what is oxidation

A
  • addition of oxygen
  • loss of hydrogen
  • loss of electrons
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6
Q

what is reduction

A
  • loss of oxygen
  • addition of hydrogen
  • gain of electrons
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7
Q

what is the reference electrode

A
  • comparing the voltage with standardised system
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8
Q

what are the components of the reference electrons

A
  • platinum wire conducts the electricity through the circuit
  • immersed in a 1M strong acid
  • H2 gas is rubbed in at 1atm
  • temperature 25 degrees
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9
Q

what are strong acids

A

completely ionised in solution

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10
Q

what are weak acids

A

doesn’t fully ionise in water

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11
Q

what is the equation for pH

A

pH = -log10 [H+]

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12
Q

what is the Keq equation - equilibrium constant

A

Keq = [H3O+] [A-] / [HA] [H20]

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13
Q

what is the Ka equation - acid dissociation constant

A

Ka = [H+] [A-] / [HA]

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14
Q

what is a buffer solution

A
  • a mixture of weak acid and conjugate base
  • resists change in pH when small amount of strong acid/basic are added
  • can be both acidic or basic
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15
Q

what os the le chateliers Principe

A

if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change

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16
Q

what is buffer capacity

A

amount of acid/base that can be added to a given vol of a buffer solution before the pH changes significantly

17
Q

what does the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation

A
  • method gives an approximation of the pH of a buffer solution
18
Q

what is the Henderson - Hasselbalch equation

A

pH = pKa + log10 A-/HA

19
Q

what are physiological buffers

A

chemicals used by the body to prevent sudden, rapid changes in the pH of fluid

20
Q

what happens with a critical urinary buffer

A
  • concentration progressively increases as fluid is resorbed within the renal tube
  • buffer against changes in tubular pH as acid is excreted within the renal tube