into to acids and bases Flashcards
what are alkalis
- sub group of babes that include an alkali metal and have an -OH group
what are the 3 differences between alkalis and bases
bases - do not dissolve in water, all bases are not alkalis, they neutralise acids
alkalis - dissolve in water, all alkalis are bases, release - OH ions to accept protons
what are the properties of acids
taste - sour
conductivity of electricity - yes
pH - less than 7
effect on litmus paper - turns red
what are the properties of bases
taste - bitter
conductivity of electricity - yes
pH - more than 7
effect on litmus paper - turns blue
what is oxidation
- addition of oxygen
- loss of hydrogen
- loss of electrons
what is reduction
- loss of oxygen
- addition of hydrogen
- gain of electrons
what is the reference electrode
- comparing the voltage with standardised system
what are the components of the reference electrons
- platinum wire conducts the electricity through the circuit
- immersed in a 1M strong acid
- H2 gas is rubbed in at 1atm
- temperature 25 degrees
what are strong acids
completely ionised in solution
what are weak acids
doesn’t fully ionise in water
what is the equation for pH
pH = -log10 [H+]
what is the Keq equation - equilibrium constant
Keq = [H3O+] [A-] / [HA] [H20]
what is the Ka equation - acid dissociation constant
Ka = [H+] [A-] / [HA]
what is a buffer solution
- a mixture of weak acid and conjugate base
- resists change in pH when small amount of strong acid/basic are added
- can be both acidic or basic
what os the le chateliers Principe
if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change
