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Companion Animal Diseases > Intestinal diseases > Flashcards

Intestinal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does the impairment of the absorptive villous surface result in?

A

Diarrhea
Malabsorption
Weight loss

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of parasitic diarrhea?

A

Diarrhea +/- blood
Vomiting
Weight loss
Ill thrift

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3
Q

How do you diagnosis parasitic diarrhea?

A

Fecal float or direct examination

ELISA test for Giardia

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4
Q

Who typically gets viral diarrhea?

A

Young and unvaccinated animals

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5
Q

What are the types of viral diarrhea?

A

Parvovirus
Feline panleukopenia virus
Coronavirus
Distemper

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6
Q

When do puppies need to be vaccinated for parvovirius?

A

6, 9 and 12 weeks

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7
Q

Is parvovirus contagious?

A

Yes highly

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8
Q

What does the parvovirus effect?

A

The digestive system

Destroys the lining of the intestinal tract

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9
Q

What happens when the lining of the intestinal tract is damaged during parvovirus?

A

water and nutrients cannot be absorbed and bacteria can leak bacteria into the body

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10
Q

What is panleukopenia?

A

Feline Distemper Virus or feline enteritis

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11
Q

What is feline panleukopenia virus?

A

A parvovirus that is highly contagious

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12
Q

What does feline panleukopenia virus do?

A

Interrupts the production of white blood cells

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of viral diarrhea?

A 
Hematochezia or melena
Vomiting
Febrile
Anorexia
Lethargy
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14
Q

What are patients with viral diarrhea?

A

Immunosuppressed

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15
Q

What is bacterial diarrhea?

A

Occurs when pathogenic bacteria invade and damage the intestinal epithelium which causes disease

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16
Q

What are some strains of bacteria that cause bacterial diarrhea?

A 
Salmonella 
Shigella
Campylobactor
Some strains of ecoli
Clostridium
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17
Q

How do you diagnosis bacterial diarrhea?

A

Rule out gastrointestinal parasites

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18
Q

How do you treat bacterial diarrhea?

A

Oral antibiotics

Fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy

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19
Q

What are examples of antibiotics that treat bacterial diarrhea?

A

Enrofloxacin
Trimethoprim
Erythromycin
Metronidazole

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20
Q

What is a very common intestinal disease in small animals?

A

Dietary Intolerance or Sensitivity Diarrhea

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21
Q

What is dietary intolerance or sensitivity diarrhea?

A

Patients unable to handle certain substances in their diet

22
Q

How do you treat dietary intolerance or sensitivity diarrhea?

A

Dietary feeding trial with novel protein source

Oral prednisone

23
Q

In what disease can you see in older animals with chronic, intermittent vomiting, listlessness, weight loss, borborygmus, flatus?

A

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis

24
Q

How do you diagnosis Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis?

A

Biopsy to confirm

25
Q

What is important to communicate to owners of patients with Lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis?

A

Treatment can be prolonged and expensive

Typically not curative

26
Q

What is Intestinal Lymphangectasia?

A

Chronic protein losing intestinal disease

27
Q

What is obstructed in lymphangectasia?

A

Normal lymphatic flow, impaired intestinal lymphatic drainage

28
Q

What does the obstruction of normal lymphatic flow lead to?

A

The back-up of lymph which releases fluid into the lumen. This leads to loss of lipids, loss of plasma proteins, loss of lymphocytes

29
Q

What will intestinal lymphagectasia lead to?

A 
Hypoalbuminemia
Lymphopenia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypochloesterolemia
HYpocalcemia
30
Q

How do you diagnosis lypmhagectasia?

A

Biopsy will reveal chyle filled lacteals and intestinal lymphatics

31
Q

How do you treat lymphagectasia?

A

Prednisone and metronidazole

Diet change to one with minimal fat and high quality protein

32
Q

Is lymphagectasia a progressive disease and can remission occur?

A

Yes it is a progressive disease and remission can occur but many animals can have relapses

33
Q

What happens in an intussusception?

A

One portion of the intestine telescopes into adjacent segment of the intestine

34
Q

What does an intussusception create?

A

A partial to complete obstruction of the lumen and can damage the intestinal wall

35
Q

What causes intussusception?

A

Usually idiopathic

Can be secondary to parasites, foreign bodies, infections, neoplasia

36
Q

How do you treat intussusception?

A

Reduce and excise

37
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

A

The accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lining of the stomach

38
Q

How do you diagnose IBD?

A

Rule out other causes and gastric and intestinal biopsies

39
Q

How do you treat IBD?

A

Antibiotics
Immunosuppressive doses of steroids
Hypoallergenic diets

40
Q

What species is more prone to IBD?

A

Cats

41
Q

What is important to communicate to owners of patients with IBD?

A

A complete work-up is required

Therapy will be required for the rest of the animals’s life

42
Q

What are common intestinal neoplasums?

A

Adenocarcinoma
Lymphosarcoma
Mast cell tumors

43
Q

What percentage of dogs get adenocarcinoma?

A

25%

44
Q

What percentage of cats get adenocarcinoma?

A

50%

45
Q

What percentage of dogs get lymphosarcoma?

A

10%

46
Q

What percentage of cats get lymphosarcoma?

A

20%

47
Q

What is uncommon in dogs and cats

A

Constipation

48
Q

What is important when diagnosing contsipation

A

Physical exam

49
Q

What does a physical exam of a patient complaining of a possible constipated patient check for?

A 
Foreign body
Tumor
Pelvic injury
Anal sac abscess
Urinary obstruction 
Dehydration
50
Q

What intestinal disease is more common in cats?

A

Megacolon

51
Q

What is the common presentation of megacolon?

A

Middle aged to older cats
Obese cats
History of non-productive straining to defecate

Companion Animal Diseases (14 decks)

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