Congenital Heart Disease: Stenotic Valves Flashcards
Stenotic valves
Dysplastic or malformed valves leading to the narrowing of the outflow
Pulmonic stenosis
The narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract
Aortic stenosis
The narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract
What are the clinical signs of pulmonic stenosis?
Specific breeds Syncope Exercise intolerance Right-sided congestive heart failure Visualize the jugular pulse
When listening to the heart of a patient with pulmonic stenosis what kind of murmur do you hear?
Left basilar murmur
What do the radiographs of a patient with pulmonic stenosis reveal?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Post stenotic dilation of the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary under perfusion
What does an echocardiogram of a patient with pulmonic stenosis reveal?
Right-sided ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement
Increased echogenicity of pulmonary valves
Dilation of the main pulmonary artery
What is the prognosis of patients with mild to moderate lesions?
May not cause problems
What is the prognosis of patients with moderate to severe lesions?
May cause sudden death due to right-sided heart failure
What are the treatment options for patients with pulmonic stenosis?
Balloon valvuloplasty
patch graft over the outflow tract to alleviate the obstruction
Valvulotomy or partial valvulectomy
Medical management of CHF
What is subaortic stenosis?
The thickening of the endocardial tissue, just below the aortic valve
What happens to the heart of patients with subaortic stenosis?
It obstructs the left ventricular outflow tract
similar to aortic stenosis
What does the obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract cause?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left atrial hypertrophy
Aortic dilation
Blood will back up into the left atrium
What are the clinical signs of subaortic stenosis?
Breed-specific Exercise intolerance Syncope Left-sided congestive heart failure Sudden death
What does the heart murmur sound like in patients with subaortic stenosis?
Soft to moderate ejection murmur in the 4th left intercostal area
