Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RESP > Interstitial Lung Disease > Flashcards

Interstitial Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is ILD?

A

Any disease affecting lung interstinum- i.e terminal bronchioles, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the main effect of ILD on the lungs?

A

Impaired gas exchange

Reduced lung function, Restrictive pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two most common symptoms of ILD?

A
  1. Breathlessness

2. Dry Cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four broad classifications of ILD?

A
  1. Known cause- drugs/ other disease
  2. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  3. Granulomatous ILD’s- e.g. sarcoidosis
  4. Other forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in Sarcoidosis?

A

Type 4- delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Inflammation characterised by granuloma formation and lymphadenopathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sarcoidosis can affect multiple systems such as commonly?

A

Lungs, lymph nodes, skin, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs of Acute sarcoidosis?

A
  1. Erythema nodosum
  2. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
  3. arthritis
  4. Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the signs of chronic sarcoidosis?

A
  1. Lung infiltrates (alveolitis)
  2. Skin infiltrations
  3. Peripheral lymphadenopathy
  4. hypercalcaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for Sarcoidosis?

A
  • TB
  • Fungal infection
  • Lymphoma
  • Carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for acute sarcoidosis?

A

Usually self limiting doest need medication

Give steroid if vital organ affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment for chronic sarcoidosis?

A
  • Oral steroids

- Immunsuppression (methotrexate, anti TNF therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of cells are found in a granuloma?

A
  1. Multinucleated giant cells
  2. Fibroblasts
  3. Plasma cells
  4. Collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is EAA or hypersensitivity alveolitis?

A

Inflammation of the alveoli as an end result of Hypersensitivity reaction to an inhaled particle in the airways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in EAA?

A

Type III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some etiological causes of EAA?

A
  1. Farmers lung
  2. Malt workers
  3. Mushroom workers
  4. Bird fanciers lung (avian antigen)
  5. Drugs (bleomycin, methotrexate)
17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute EAA?

A

Symptoms

  • Cough
  • Breathlessness
  • Fever
  • Myalgia

Acute symptoms present Several hours after exposure

Signs
- Hypoxic
- Crackles (no wheeze)
+/- pyrexic

18
Q

What treatment should be given to acute EAA?

A

Oxygen, steroid, antigen avoidance

19
Q

Signs symptoms of chronic EAA?

A

Symptoms
Progressive cough and breathlessness

Signs
- Crackles, clubbing unusual
- CXR: Fibrosis especially at lung apices
- Restrictive lung pattern
Diagnosis- History Of exposure main aspect

20
Q

Treatment for chronic EAA?

A
  1. Remove Antigen exposure

2. Steroid

21
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ?

A

Fibrosis (scarring) of the alveolar walls causing honeycombing, due to unknown causes. A type of ILD

22
Q

What happens to the fibrotic repair system in IPF?

A

Imbalance, leading to fibrosis

23
Q

IPF is an inflammatory disease. T/F?

A

False

24
Q

What are some other diseases that can cause IPF?

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. SLE
  3. Systemic sclerosis
25
Q

What kind of drugs can cause IPF?

A
  1. Bleomycin
  2. Gold
  3. Methotrexate
  4. Amiodarone
26
Q

Two main symptoms of IPF?

A

PROGRESSIVE breathlessness and cough

27
Q

Two examination findings in IPF?

A
  1. Clubbing

2. Fine bilateral inspiratory end crackles

28
Q

What type of pattern is seen in Lung function tests in IPF?

A

Restrictive effect- low FEV1 & FVC , normal ratio reduced volumes

29
Q

What CXR appearances are seen in IPF?

A

Bilateral infiltrates

30
Q

What changes in a CT scan can diagnose IPF?

A
  1. Reticulonodular fibrotic shadowing at bases & periphery
  2. Traction Bronchiectasis
  3. Honey combing
31
Q

What are the differentials for IPF?

A
  1. Occupational (asbestos, silicosis)
  2. Connective tissue disease (Rha, SLE)
  3. LVF
  4. Sarcoidosis, EAA
32
Q

Main forms of treatment for IPF?

A
  1. Antifibrotics- Nintedanib, Pirfenidone
  2. Steroids, Immunosuppressants
  3. Oxygen if hypoxic
33
Q

What is coal workers pneumoconiosis?

A

Inflammation of alveolar walls by alveolar macrophages in response to Dust (coal).

34
Q

Coal workers pneumoconiosis impairs lung function. T/F

A

False. Diagnosis can be made from Occupational history and CXR

35
Q

What chronic disease is Coal workers pneumoconiosis associated with?

A

COPD

36
Q

What happens in complicated pneumoconiosis?

A

Progressie mass fibrosis and collagen deposition in air spaces= restrictive lung patterns

37
Q

What happens in silicosis?

A

Similar process as above, caused by quartz exposure

38
Q

What CXR change is seen in silicosis?

A

Egg shelled Calcificaton of hilar nodes

39
Q

What disease is Asbestosis associated with?

A

Pleural disease at any stage

  1. Benign pleural plaque- asymptomatic
  2. Acute asbestos pleuritis- fever, chest pain, bloody effusion
  3. Pleural effusion
  4. Mesothelioma

RESP (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions