Interpreting forage and feed analysis

Question 1

quality analysis involves determining ?

Answer 1

nutrient levels in feedstuffs

Question 2

most effective feedstuff management tool

Answer 2

quality analysis

Question 3

components of quality analysis (8)

Answer 3

moisture, dry matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, TDN, NE, minerals

Question 4

calculate rations based on two different criteria

Answer 4

DM or as fed basis
-DM is easier

Question 5

excessive moisture level =

Answer 5

quality loss, over heating and fires

Question 6

low moisture =
excessive moisture =

Answer 6

overheating, lowered feeding value, increased dry matter losses

excessive seepage, nutrient losses, unpalatability and have shorter storage lives

Question 7

what determines true value of feed

Answer 7

moisture

Question 8

to calculate dry matter:

Answer 8

subtract moisture content from 100

Question 9

dry matter examples and percents (3)

Answer 9

grains and hays = DM 85-92%
silage and distillers grain = DM 25-35%
baleage = DM 50-70%

Question 10

as NDF % forage increases, animals consume more or less?

Answer 10

LESS

Question 11

Dry matter intake (DMI) estimated by:
**aim for what % DMI?

Answer 11

120/ %NDF = DMI (as % of body weight)
aims for 3% DM of BW

Question 12

crude protein is what times the N content?

Answer 12

6.25x

Question 13

grain CP content

-which is more CP - wheat/oats or corn?

Answer 13

8-14%
more CP = wheat/oats = higher E value

Question 14

cottonseed meal and soybean meal have what % of CP?
more mature hay has more or less CP/

Answer 14

40-50% CP
more mature = less protein than immature

Question 15

rumen undegradable protein- 2 fates:

Answer 15

1. AA and protein absorbed in SI – bypass rumen microbes
2. if heat damaged or complexed = pass in feces

Question 16

NDF - identifies ?

Answer 16

all cell wall content plus ADF contents
-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (undigestible) and is total fiber content

Question 17

using NDF to predict intake by animals consuming the feed
-NDF increases =

Answer 17

intake expected to decline

Question 18

ADF corresponds to ?
what specifically has a lower ADF?
what has a higher ADF?

Answer 18

cellulose and lignin levels in the plant
** IMP because lignin is undigestible
grains and mixed rations have a lower ADF
forages have higher ADF

Question 19

Physically effective fiber
diets high in peNDF promote?
high rumen pH increases production of ?

Answer 19

measure fraction of fiber that stimulates chewing
promotes rumination and production of saliva
production of volatile fatty acids

Question 20

Penn state particle separator

Answer 20

assessment tool for evaluating physically effective fiber content

Question 21

how does penn state particle separator work?

Answer 21

take total mixed ration (TMR) –> shake through box –> 8-10% of the ration should end up in top box

Question 22

total digestible nutrients
-calculated how?
which has more TDN - grains or hays

Answer 22

estimate E content of feed
formula that uses ADF, NDF, CP and ash
grains have most!

Question 23

net energy used for 3 things:

Answer 23

maintenance, gain, lacatation

Question 24

relative feed value (RFV)
and relative feed quality (RFQ)
includes ?

Answer 24

terms that account for animal responses to forage quality
includes digestible dry matter and dry matter intake in calculation

Question 25

Forage quality defined in terms of :
forage Q determined by:

Answer 25

leafiness, stem thickness, color, smell, content of protein, fiber or lignin
ANIMAL

Question 26

forage quality improves with higher ?
decreases with ?

Answer 26

improves with higher CP and DDM levels
decreases with higher fiber levels

Question 27

higher dry matter intake expected on what type of forage

Answer 27

higher quality forages!
high quality forage with lower fiber levels = increase DMI = animal eats more

Question 28

Feed quality described in terms of:
what determines quality of feed

Answer 28

color, odor, texture, presence/absence of molds
ANIMAL