Interpreting forage and feed analysis Flashcards
quality analysis involves determining ?
nutrient levels in feedstuffs
most effective feedstuff management tool
quality analysis
components of quality analysis (8)
moisture, dry matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, TDN, NE, minerals
calculate rations based on two different criteria
DM or as fed basis
-DM is easier
excessive moisture level =
quality loss, over heating and fires
low moisture =
excessive moisture =
overheating, lowered feeding value, increased dry matter losses
excessive seepage, nutrient losses, unpalatability and have shorter storage lives
what determines true value of feed
moisture
to calculate dry matter:
subtract moisture content from 100
dry matter examples and percents (3)
grains and hays = DM 85-92%
silage and distillers grain = DM 25-35%
baleage = DM 50-70%
as NDF % forage increases, animals consume more or less?
LESS
Dry matter intake (DMI) estimated by:
**aim for what % DMI?
120/ %NDF = DMI (as % of body weight)
aims for 3% DM of BW
crude protein is what times the N content?
6.25x
grain CP content
-which is more CP - wheat/oats or corn?
8-14%
more CP = wheat/oats = higher E value
cottonseed meal and soybean meal have what % of CP?
more mature hay has more or less CP/
40-50% CP
more mature = less protein than immature
rumen undegradable protein- 2 fates:
- AA and protein absorbed in SI – bypass rumen microbes
- if heat damaged or complexed = pass in feces
NDF - identifies ?
all cell wall content plus ADF contents
-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (undigestible) and is total fiber content
using NDF to predict intake by animals consuming the feed
-NDF increases =
intake expected to decline
ADF corresponds to ?
what specifically has a lower ADF?
what has a higher ADF?
cellulose and lignin levels in the plant
** IMP because lignin is undigestible
grains and mixed rations have a lower ADF
forages have higher ADF
Physically effective fiber
diets high in peNDF promote?
high rumen pH increases production of ?
measure fraction of fiber that stimulates chewing
promotes rumination and production of saliva
production of volatile fatty acids
Penn state particle separator
assessment tool for evaluating physically effective fiber content
how does penn state particle separator work?
take total mixed ration (TMR) –> shake through box –> 8-10% of the ration should end up in top box
total digestible nutrients
-calculated how?
which has more TDN - grains or hays
estimate E content of feed
formula that uses ADF, NDF, CP and ash
grains have most!
net energy used for 3 things:
maintenance, gain, lacatation
relative feed value (RFV)
and relative feed quality (RFQ)
includes ?
terms that account for animal responses to forage quality
includes digestible dry matter and dry matter intake in calculation
Forage quality defined in terms of :
forage Q determined by:
leafiness, stem thickness, color, smell, content of protein, fiber or lignin
ANIMAL
forage quality improves with higher ?
decreases with ?
improves with higher CP and DDM levels
decreases with higher fiber levels
higher dry matter intake expected on what type of forage
higher quality forages!
high quality forage with lower fiber levels = increase DMI = animal eats more
Feed quality described in terms of:
what determines quality of feed
color, odor, texture, presence/absence of molds
ANIMAL
