Feedstuffs and nutritional physiology

Question 1

iodine
macro or micro
impt for ?
def. signs
common to supplement?

Answer 1

micro
impt for thyroid hormones
def is goiter in newborns, uncommon in cow herds
not common to supplement

Question 2

iron
macro or micro
impt for?
def. signs
iron oxide vs. iron sulfate

Answer 2

micro
impt for formation of hemoglobin
def. signs are anemia, depressed immunity, decreased weight gains and rare in grazing cattle
iron oxide is included in mineral mixtures, iron sulfate is used if supplementation is needed

Question 3

manganese
macro or micro
impt for?
def. common or rare?
what diet is low in manganese?
what is common form in mineral mixes

Answer 3

micro
impt for reproduction, fetal and udder development
def. rare
corn based diets are low - need to supplement
manganese oxide is found in mineral mix

Question 4

monogastrics: supplement what 2 vitamins

Answer 4

A and D

Question 5

ruminants: need what to NOT have to supplement?

Answer 5

green grass and sunshine

Question 6

Vit A
impt for?
def. occur when
def. signs

Answer 6

impt for normal bone development, night vision
def. occurs if prolonged period of drought or grazing dry mature pastures (corn stubble)
signs: night blindness, ill thrift, eye discharge

Question 7

Vit D
found where and produced where in the animal?
stored where in the animal
regulated what balance
def. common or rare? signs?

Answer 7

found in sun cured hay and produced in skin of animals
stored in the liver
regulates Ca:P balance
def. are rare
signs: ill thrift, anorexia, hunched back, rickets

Question 8

Vit E
impt for?
def. occur in young stock raised without what feed for months?
def. signs

Answer 8

impt for unsaturated fatty acid metabolism and maintenance of cell membranes
def. occur raised without green feed
signs: lameness, muscle weakness, ill thrift, white muscle disease

Question 9

fat soluble vitamins:

Answer 9

A, D E

Question 10

water soluble vitamins
monogastrics:
ruminants:

Answer 10

all must be supplemented for monogastrics
no req. for supplementation in ruminants

Question 11

response to B vitamins in ruminants
increase biotin = ?

Answer 11

most studies show no effect
increase biotin = increase milk yield production

Question 12

choline
required in what quantities?
supplement = ?
what can choline be synthesized from

Answer 12

not def. of vitamin
needed in gram quantitites
supplement = increase milk production
methionine
choline must be rumen protected

Question 13

vit C
what type of vitamin?
why is it not worthwhile to feed?

Answer 13

MOST IMPT WATER SOLUBLE
most degraded in rumen

Question 14

plant structure
layers in young vs mature plants
impt. of secondary cell wall
more mature plant = X lignin

Answer 14

young plants have 1 layer
maturing: second layer
impt: structural strength to plant but reduces palatability and digestiblity
mature = more lignin (undigestible protein)