Equine: carbohydrates

Question 1

non structural carbs

Answer 1

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
starches and fructans

Question 2

structural carbs

Answer 2

take more work to digest
cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

Question 3

carb digestion

Answer 3

in SI, some fermentation and microbial digestion in LI

Question 4

roughage-pasture
-2 types with clinical significance

Answer 4

tall fescue and clover
avoid over/under grazing, mow, control seeds, fertilize

Question 5

seasonality of non structural carbs on pasture

Answer 5

increase in NSC in fall and spring, and highest between 4 PM-6 PM

ideal time: 5AM - 10AM

Question 6

legume hay best for

Answer 6

nurtient and E dense, high protein and Ca, best for high performance, growing, pregnant and lactating mares, gastric ulcers (Ca buffers acidity of stomach)

Question 7

grass hay best for

Answer 7

easy keepers, stall bound, lower protein, more volume

Question 8

better quality hay is harvested…

Answer 8

EARLY
digestibility and protein content decreases as it matures
want to feed leaves and not stems

Question 9

hay vs straw

Answer 9

straw is yellow or golden, very little nutritional value and used for sleeping

hay is green and for eating

Question 10

first limiting AA in equine

Answer 10

lysine!!

Question 11

what age needs the most protein requirement

Answer 11

foals!!

Question 12

excess protein = ???

Answer 12

not better!
can cause growth depression and make race horses slower

Question 13

Fat is important for

Answer 13

concentrating calories in a small volume, vegetable and seed oils
-allows for reduction of total feed intake!

Question 14

impt vitamins and minerals

Answer 14

calcium, phosphorus, vit A, E, selenium

Question 15

Ca phosphorus impt for?

Answer 15

Ca: muscle contraction
P: E generating reactions
most extensively studied minerals in the growing horse
IMPT 2:1 ratio

Question 16

vit A req

Answer 16

vision, immune, reproductive system
decreases with decrease quality of hay
green hay = higher vit A
poor quality hay = supplement vit A

Question 17

vit E req

Answer 17

high in green pasture grasses - impt in horses iwthout access to pasture

Question 18

corn pros and cons

Answer 18

2x energy of ats, least expensive, high in vit a

lower protein than oats, needs more careful management (mold toxicity)

add soybean meal

Question 19

oats pros and cons

Answer 19

safter due to higher fiber content, better protein quality

more expensive

Question 20

rice bran

Answer 20

best for hard keepers because high fat

Question 21

beet pulp can be how much of the diet

Answer 21

50% of the diet, substitute for roughage or grain
best for hard keepers

Question 22

fat supplement EX

Answer 22

vegetable and seed oils – added for concentrated calories
-up to 2 cups/day
2-3 months to adjust

Question 23

2 types of commercial feeds

Answer 23

1. complete: fed as entire diet, concentrate and roughage, all protein/vit/mineral req
2. mixtured/textured feeds: need feed roughage, vit and mineral supplement?

Question 24

complete feeds pros and cons

Answer 24

intake increased, waste decreased, decreased storage space, not dusty, good for senior horses

cost, choke on pellet

Question 25

mixtured/textured feeds pros and cons

Answer 25

cost, variety, allow for individual diet

roughage cost, easy to create unbalanced diet

Question 26

ration balancers

Answer 26

supplement, provide essential nutrients that are insufficient in a forage based diet
ADDED TO FORAGE BASED DIET
EX: horse on pasture not egetting enough vitamins

-small daily rec. feeding rate

Question 27

contamination

Answer 27

mold, insects, pests, toxic plants, foreign bodies = dont feed!!