Feedstuff and Nutrition 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gross energy (GE)

A

total energy of feed

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2
Q

Digestible energy (DE)

A

GE- fecal energy

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3
Q

Metabolizable energy (ME)
- ruminant vs. non ruminant

A

DE- urinary energy - methane energy
ruminant will always have less ME because they produce methane E

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4
Q

Net energy (NE)

A

ME - heat increment

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5
Q

Carbs
-simple monosaccharides (3)
-complex monosaccharides (2)
-conjugated carb definition

A

-glucose, fructose, galactose
-starch, cellulose
-carb covalently bound to protein or lipid

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6
Q

Carb requirements
-growth
-gestation - when increase?
-lactation
-what is needed for CNS function

A

-gestation increase carb requirement in 3rd trimester
-increase carb req. during lactation to maximize production
GLUCOSE needed for TCA cycle & CNS functions

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7
Q

Carb metabolism: 3 fates

A

provides chemical E, metabolic by products, storage form (glycogen)

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8
Q

Carb excretion
-aerobic
-flatus
-deranged metabolism =

A

-produces H2O, CO2 and heat
-flatus = bacT fermentation with excess carbs
= elevated glucose in plasma or urine

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9
Q

Carb excess
-unabsorbed carbs produces (4)

A

-high osmotic pressure
-abdominal distention
-bacT overgrowth
-gas production

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10
Q

Carbs of veterinary importance
1. xylose
2. lactulose
3. glycosaminoglycans
4. oligosaccharides
5. resistant starches

A
  1. canine GI absorption tests
  2. prebiotics and laxative
  3. joint health
  4. prebiotics
  5. dietary fiber
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11
Q

Forage quality terms
NDF
ADF
high fiber diet = ?
Lignin?
TDN

A

NDF = neutral detergent fiber
-measures total fiber content (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)
ADF = acid detergent fiber
- measures cellulose, lignin and pectin fiber (predicts E content of forages)
high fiber = fills stomach faster so animal eats less and needs more supplements
lignin is indigestible fiber and has no E value + restricts digestibility of other fiber components
TDN = total digestible nutrients
-describes E content of feedstuffs = sum of digestibility of nutrients

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12
Q

Lipids
-dervied from?

A

linoleic acid!!!

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13
Q

Lipids
-water soluble?
different forms?

A

no, so hydrophobic properties
diverse chemical structure: FA, triglycerdies, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, steroids, vitamins A,D,E,K

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14
Q

Lipids in the body
-E storage: neonates insulation
+ 2 others

A

subQ white fat insulates and brown adipose tissue oxidizes FA to produce heat
also structural component and signaling molecule

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15
Q

Lipids compared to carbs
-add lipids to… (2)

A

lipids increase E density of a ration, 2.25x E of carb/gram
-lipids provide essential FA
-good for ruminants at low concentrations, cats and dogs need more
added to increase E density and increase absorption of fat soluble vitamins

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16
Q

C

Short chain fatty acids
#C
soluble in water?
ex:
present in?

A

2-5 C
yes, soluble
acetic, proprionic, butyric (impt. role in colon health)
present in rumen and very important for ruminant nutrition

17
Q

Medium chain fatty acids
#C
soluble in water?
absorption from where to where?
common in?

A

6-12 C
solubility varies
solubility allows for absorption from SI into portal vein
common in plants