Feedstuff and Nutrition 1 Flashcards
Gross energy (GE)
total energy of feed
Digestible energy (DE)
GE- fecal energy
Metabolizable energy (ME)
- ruminant vs. non ruminant
DE- urinary energy - methane energy
ruminant will always have less ME because they produce methane E
Net energy (NE)
ME - heat increment
Carbs
-simple monosaccharides (3)
-complex monosaccharides (2)
-conjugated carb definition
-glucose, fructose, galactose
-starch, cellulose
-carb covalently bound to protein or lipid
Carb requirements
-growth
-gestation - when increase?
-lactation
-what is needed for CNS function
-gestation increase carb requirement in 3rd trimester
-increase carb req. during lactation to maximize production
GLUCOSE needed for TCA cycle & CNS functions
Carb metabolism: 3 fates
provides chemical E, metabolic by products, storage form (glycogen)
Carb excretion
-aerobic
-flatus
-deranged metabolism =
-produces H2O, CO2 and heat
-flatus = bacT fermentation with excess carbs
= elevated glucose in plasma or urine
Carb excess
-unabsorbed carbs produces (4)
-high osmotic pressure
-abdominal distention
-bacT overgrowth
-gas production
Carbs of veterinary importance
1. xylose
2. lactulose
3. glycosaminoglycans
4. oligosaccharides
5. resistant starches
- canine GI absorption tests
- prebiotics and laxative
- joint health
- prebiotics
- dietary fiber
Forage quality terms
NDF
ADF
high fiber diet = ?
Lignin?
TDN
NDF = neutral detergent fiber
-measures total fiber content (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)
ADF = acid detergent fiber
- measures cellulose, lignin and pectin fiber (predicts E content of forages)
high fiber = fills stomach faster so animal eats less and needs more supplements
lignin is indigestible fiber and has no E value + restricts digestibility of other fiber components
TDN = total digestible nutrients
-describes E content of feedstuffs = sum of digestibility of nutrients
Lipids
-dervied from?
linoleic acid!!!
Lipids
-water soluble?
different forms?
no, so hydrophobic properties
diverse chemical structure: FA, triglycerdies, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, steroids, vitamins A,D,E,K
Lipids in the body
-E storage: neonates insulation
+ 2 others
subQ white fat insulates and brown adipose tissue oxidizes FA to produce heat
also structural component and signaling molecule
Lipids compared to carbs
-add lipids to… (2)
lipids increase E density of a ration, 2.25x E of carb/gram
-lipids provide essential FA
-good for ruminants at low concentrations, cats and dogs need more
added to increase E density and increase absorption of fat soluble vitamins