Feedstuff and Nutrition 1

Question 1

Gross energy (GE)

Answer 1

total energy of feed

Question 2

Digestible energy (DE)

Answer 2

GE- fecal energy

Question 3

Metabolizable energy (ME)
- ruminant vs. non ruminant

Answer 3

DE- urinary energy - methane energy
ruminant will always have less ME because they produce methane E

Question 4

Net energy (NE)

Answer 4

ME - heat increment

Question 5

Carbs
-simple monosaccharides (3)
-complex monosaccharides (2)
-conjugated carb definition

Answer 5

-glucose, fructose, galactose
-starch, cellulose
-carb covalently bound to protein or lipid

Question 6

Carb requirements
-growth
-gestation - when increase?
-lactation
-what is needed for CNS function

Answer 6

-gestation increase carb requirement in 3rd trimester
-increase carb req. during lactation to maximize production
GLUCOSE needed for TCA cycle & CNS functions

Question 7

Carb metabolism: 3 fates

Answer 7

provides chemical E, metabolic by products, storage form (glycogen)

Question 8

Carb excretion
-aerobic
-flatus
-deranged metabolism =

Answer 8

-produces H2O, CO2 and heat
-flatus = bacT fermentation with excess carbs
= elevated glucose in plasma or urine

Question 9

Carb excess
-unabsorbed carbs produces (4)

Answer 9

-high osmotic pressure
-abdominal distention
-bacT overgrowth
-gas production

Question 10

Carbs of veterinary importance
1. xylose
2. lactulose
3. glycosaminoglycans
4. oligosaccharides
5. resistant starches

Answer 10

1. canine GI absorption tests
2. prebiotics and laxative
3. joint health
4. prebiotics
5. dietary fiber

Question 11

Forage quality terms
NDF
ADF
high fiber diet = ?
Lignin?
TDN

Answer 11

NDF = neutral detergent fiber
-measures total fiber content (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin)
ADF = acid detergent fiber
- measures cellulose, lignin and pectin fiber (predicts E content of forages)
high fiber = fills stomach faster so animal eats less and needs more supplements
lignin is indigestible fiber and has no E value + restricts digestibility of other fiber components
TDN = total digestible nutrients
-describes E content of feedstuffs = sum of digestibility of nutrients

Question 12

Lipids
-dervied from?

Answer 12

linoleic acid!!!

Question 13

Lipids
-water soluble?
different forms?

Answer 13

no, so hydrophobic properties
diverse chemical structure: FA, triglycerdies, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, steroids, vitamins A,D,E,K

Question 14

Lipids in the body
-E storage: neonates insulation
+ 2 others

Answer 14

subQ white fat insulates and brown adipose tissue oxidizes FA to produce heat
also structural component and signaling molecule

Question 15

Lipids compared to carbs
-add lipids to… (2)

Answer 15

lipids increase E density of a ration, 2.25x E of carb/gram
-lipids provide essential FA
-good for ruminants at low concentrations, cats and dogs need more
added to increase E density and increase absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Question 16

C

Short chain fatty acids
#C
soluble in water?
ex:
present in?

Answer 16

2-5 C
yes, soluble
acetic, proprionic, butyric (impt. role in colon health)
present in rumen and very important for ruminant nutrition

Question 17

Medium chain fatty acids
#C
soluble in water?
absorption from where to where?
common in?

Answer 17

6-12 C
solubility varies
solubility allows for absorption from SI into portal vein
common in plants