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Abnormal Psychology > Interpersonal > Flashcards

Interpersonal Flashcards

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1
Q

Interpersonal

A

Two or more persons interacting with each other

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2
Q

Social Spaces

A

are the various contexts of our interpersonal encounters

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3
Q

Social Norms

A

In our interpersonal spaces, acknowledging each other, usually by greetings (for example, good morning; good afternoon) is perhaps the most basic way of establishing our human connection

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4
Q

Interpersonal Communication

A

the quality of contact that emerges between people whenever they are able to highlight in their interaction aspects of what make them human

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5
Q

Quantitative -Dyadic

A

the “danger” of thinking about communication as quantitative is that we may operate in impersonal rather than person ways with each other.

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6
Q

Qualitative

A

people treat each other as unique human beings” regardless of the context of interaction.

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7
Q

Uniqueness

A

social rules are tailored in the interaction to establish a “personal” connection with each other.

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8
Q

Irreplaceability

A

because our relationship with a person is unique, he/she cannot be replaced. No one has the exact combination of experiences, history, qualities, skills, abilities etc, as another person.

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9
Q

Interdependence

A

at the most basic level, the fate of partners in interpersonal relationship is connected. Eg., our moods often change to match the mood of the person with whom we are interacting (emotional contagion)

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10
Q

Disclosure

A

the degree of information we are willing to reveal about ourselves to another person tells a lot about the quality of interaction/ relationship. For example, it may not be normal/customary to reveal very personal details about one’s self to a stranger, however, it is possible to establish a strong qualitative connection with a stranger in a fleeting encounter in which a person feels ‘comfortable’ to disclose. As noted before, fleeting encounters can potentially have a lasting impact on individuals. Such a behavior however, may be influenced by one’s communication needs in the moment.

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11
Q

Intrinsic rewards

A

This speaks to the extent to which the interaction/relationship offers a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction.

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12
Q

Computer Mediated Communication

A

Face to face communication isn’t the only way people can create and maintain personal relationships. Along with telephone and old fashioned correspondence, Computer Mediated Communication- CMC provides another way to interact

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13
Q

Experiential Learning

A

Experiential learning is defined by Johnson & Johnson (1997) as generating an action theory from your own experiences and then continually modifying it to improve your effectiveness

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14
Q

Self disclosure

A

s the process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and which would not be normally known by others (Adler and Towne, 2000).

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15
Q

Feedback

A

in this context, refers to the information we get from people with whom we interact.

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16
Q

Self Talk

A

may be defined as holding an internal dialogue with yourself. These inner conversations have a powerful impact on emotional well-being and motivation.

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17
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy.

A

When you predict a negative outcome, you may be creating a

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18
Q

Personality inventories

A

are described as those instruments that are designed to assess personal, emotional and social traits/behaviours, as distinguished from instruments that measure aptitudes, achievements and interests.

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19
Q

Narrative tone

A

s the expression of one’s attitude (towards life). It is influenced by the quality psychological development (trust vs mis-trust) within the first two years of one’s life. It indicates a person’s underlying faith in the possibilities of human intention and behaviour.

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20
Q

Imagery

A

This involves the use of vivid descriptive or figurative language to represent object or ideas and stimulate the senses (hearing, feeling, seeing, smelling, taste). Important sources for the development of images are the family and culture

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21
Q

Interpersonal Theory

A

This theory holds the assumption that individuals are driven to interact with others for several reasons including:

reduce anxiety

affirm each other’s self concept

(Harry Stack Sullivan, 1953 & George Herbert Meade, 1934)

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22
Q

Self concept

A

may be described as the cognitive (thinking) aspect of the self.

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23
Q

Social Comparison theory

A

(Festinger, 1954) involves evaluating ourselves in terms of how we compare to others.

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24
Q

Cognitive Conservatism

A

seek out information that conforms to an existing self-concept

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25
Q

Internal sources

A

internal standards and self guide

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26
Q

External sources

A

derive mainly from interactions with others – including those from childhood experiences with parents; other adults.

27
Q

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

A

This occurs when a person’s expectations of an event make the event more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true.

28
Q

IDENTITY MANAGEMENT

A

The communication strategies individuals use to influence how others view them.

involves making striking contradictions between the public personal and the private self.

29
Q

Self Monitoring

A

It is the ability and desire to regulate one’s public expressiveness to fit the clues and/or requirements of the situation.

30
Q

perception

A

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment and their experiences.

(Robbins, 1996

31
Q

Stereotyping

A

A process of organizing data

32
Q

Punctuation

A

A process of organizing our interactions

33
Q

The Perceiver

A

When an individual looks at a target what he/she sees is heavily influenced by personal characteristics:

- 	Attitudes, motives, interests, past 	experience
34
Q

The Target

A

Characteristics in the target that is being observed can affect what is perceived:

Motion, size, sound

Its background

35
Q

The Situation

A

The environment in which the person or object is seen; or where an event took place

36
Q

Cultural differences

A

Culture is a powerful factor in shaping perception. Every culture has its own world view.

37
Q

Shared Narratives

A

Our interaction with other individuals and groups creates a shared perception of the world. The term “narrative” reflects the notion that humans make sense of the world by spinning a kind of story to explain events.

38
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

We often tend to judge ourselves more generously than we judge others

39
Q

Halo/Horn Effect

A

We tend to be influenced by what is most obvious

40
Q
A

We tend to cling to first impressions

We tend to assume others are similar to us

41
Q

Perception checking

A

is an important approach to ensuring that we do not assume that our first interpretation is correct or be treated as facts.

42
Q

Empathy

A

Empathy is the ability to re-create another’s perspective; to experience the world from another’s point of view.

43
Q

Perspective Taking

A

An attempt to take on the viewpoint of another person – set aside your own judgment/opinions and try to understand the other person

44
Q

Emotional Taking

A

The ability to get close to experiencing others’ feelings: to get a sense of their fear, joy, sadness, anger, frustration, etc.

45
Q

Genuine Concern

A

It is going beyond just thinking and feeling as the individual, and expressing genuine care about another’s well being.

46
Q

Emotions

A

Emotions are the activation of a set of chemicals within our bodies which determine how we respond or react to stimulus/stimuli.

Emotions therefore have cognitive and physiological elements and influence behaviour.
47
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions and be sensitive to others’ feelings.

48
Q

facilitative emotions

A

contribute to effective functioning

49
Q

debilitative emotions

A

detract from effective functioning

50
Q

The fallacy of perfection

A

“I should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill”

51
Q

The fallacy of approval

A

it is vital, not just desirable to get approval from everyone

52
Q

The fallacy of shoulds

A

there is no distinction between what is and what should be

53
Q

The fallacy of causation

A

Emotions are caused by others rather than one’s own self-talk

54
Q

The fallacy of helplessness

A

Satisfaction in life is determined by sources beyond our control

55
Q

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

A

human thought, emotions and behavior are significantly interrelated

56
Q

Recall Schacther-Singer two-factor theory

A

emotions and feelings we experience are strongly determined by the interpretation or cognitive labels we select.

57
Q

Interpersonal Attraction

A

defined as the evaluation one person makes of another along a dimension that ranges from strong liking to strong dislike

(Baron & Byrne, 2000)
58
Q

Collectivist cultures

A

Generally do not reach out to outsiders, often waiting until they are properly introduced before entering into conversation

59
Q

Individualistic cultures

A

Make fewer distinctions between personal relationships and casual ones

60
Q

Loneliness

A

A psychological state that results when we perceive a discrepancy between want we want and what actually get from our relationships (Peplau & Perlman, 1982)

61
Q

Social Anxiety

A

Is a feeling of discomfort that arises from a person’s expectations of negative encounters with others

62
Q

Self-Disclosure

A

The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and would not normally be known by others

63
Q
A

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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