Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > Criminology > Flashcards

Criminology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Criminology

A

Scientific approach to criminal behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deviance

A

Behaviour that departs from social norms, values and beliefs but is not always criminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Crime

A

In act deemed as socially harmful or dangerous that is specifically defined, prohibited and punished under criminal law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Criminal Imagination

A

This involves trying to think about criminology problems by considering how private troubles connect with public issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

crime

A

A violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted and expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

crime typology.

A

The research on the different types of crime and criminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Status offences

A

Acts considered illegal for juveniles because of their minority status ( smoking, drinking alcohol, possession of alcohol, truancy, running away at home)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mens rea

A

the concept of “evil mind” or criminal
Refers to one’s ability to understand right from wrong and to understand the consequences of one’s action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Felony

A

Serious types of offences such as murder armed robbery rape and now the possession of drugs
Punishable for a year or longer in prison or a greater penalty such as capital punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Actus Reus

A

A crime of intentional murder requires both the murder the act with the actor having intended such as consequence to occur in the (required mental state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Violent personal criminal behaviour

A

Crimes of murder and manslaughter, assault, and forcible rape
Murder is the unlawful and unjustified killing of a human being( with malice) see actus reus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Robbery

A

Taking the personal property of the possession of another against his or her will by use of fear or force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aggravated assault

A

An unlawful attack by one person on another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. Usually, this involves a weapon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Terrorism-

A

Violent acts or the use of the threat of violence to create fear, alarm, dread, or coercion usually against the government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Criminology in Action

A

is devoted to study of crime and criminal behaviour trained in diverse fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carjacking

A

Auto theft by force or threat of force
Force is an element that differentiates robbery as violent crime.
Reasons: joy riding(youngsters), short-term transportation(youngsters) , long term transportation(older persons), profit by sale ( older persons), commission of other crimes( both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arson

A

The willful and malicious burning of the structure of another with or without the intent to defraud.
Includes: dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle , aircraft, personal property of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Forgery

A

Falsely making or altering with the intent to defraud a negotiable and legally enforceable instrument: cheque, passport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fencing

A

Persons who dispose of stolen goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Embezzlement

A

Obtaining rightful possession of property with the owner’s consent and subsequently wrongfully depriving the owner of that property.
The misappropriation or misapplication of entrusted to care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fraud

A

Falsely representing the facts, either by conduct or by words or writing, in order to induce a person to rely on the misrepresentation and surrender something of value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cyberstalking

A

stalking someone by use of a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Identity theft

A

Stealing an individual’s social security or other important information about his or her identity and using that information to commit crimes
Such as removing funds from the victim’s bank account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rational Choice theory

A

The view that crime is a decision to violate any law and is made for a variety of reasons, including greed, revenge, need, anger, lust, jealousy, thrill, seeking or vanity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Edgework

A

The exhilarating, monumentary integration of danger, risk, and skill motivates people to try a variety of dangerous criminal and non-criminal behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Diffusion

A

Efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another
Crime control efforts in one locale reduce crime in other non-target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Discouragement

A

When efforts to eliminate one type of crime convince would-be lawbreakers to forgo other criminal activity because crime no longer pays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Displacement

A

Doing something in one area can place crime in another area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Extinction

A

crime reduction programs may produce a short-term positive effect and benefits as criminals adjust to new conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Encouragement

A

Crime reduction programs may boomerang and increase rather than decrease the potential for crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Reciprocal altruism

A

a people are motivated by believing that their actions will be reciprocated and that their gene survival will be enhanced.

32
Q

Neurophysiology

A

the study of brain activity

33
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

The most important measure of neurophysiological functioning

34
Q

Attention Deficit

A

a child shows a developmentally inappropriate lack of attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity

35
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

many ADHD children continually engage in aggressive and antisocial behaviour in early childhood and disorders are sustained over the life course

36
Q

Brain Chemistry

A

Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that influence or activate brain functions
Abnormal levels of chemicals lead to aggression
Low supply of enzymes linked to violence and property crime

37
Q

Arousal Theory

A

Some people’s brains function differently in response to environmental stimuli.
Sensation seekers
Those seeking out stimulating activities, which may include aggressive, violent behaviour patterns

38
Q

Psychopathy

A

a personality condition linked to aggression, impulsivity, and neuroticism

39
Q

Psychopathology

A

an example would be schizophrenia

40
Q

Contagion Effect

A

the genetic predisposition and early experiences which make some people, including twins, susceptible to deviant behaviour which is transmitted by the presence of antisocial siblings in the household.

41
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

some believe that human traits that produce violence and aggression are produced through the long process of human evolution.

42
Q
  • Information Processing Branch
A

focuses on the way people process, store, encode, retrieve, and manipulate information to make decisions and solve problems.

43
Q

Insanity in Law

A

Insanity” is a legal rather than a psychological term.
* For a person to be found not guilty by reason of insanity, they must be found to have a mental disease or defect, and as a result of that defect, demonstrate one of the following

44
Q
  • Social strata
A

created by unequal distribution of wealth, power and
prestige

45
Q

Social classes

A

segments of the population that have similar opinions of things and share attitudes, values, norms and lifestyles

46
Q

The underclass

A

A class of poverty passed down from one generation to the next
Apathy
Helplessness
Mistrust of social institutions: schools, government, ageniceis, police
Cut off from scoiety, members lack education and skills to be effectively in demand an this modern society.

47
Q

transitional Neighborhoods

A

Poverty-ridden, suffered high rates of population turnover and were incapable of inducing people to stay and defend the neighbourhood against criminals

48
Q

Concentric zones

A

The Interzone areas exhibited higher rates of crime ( central city and transitional area)

49
Q

Concentration effect

A

When working and middle-class families leave inner city poverty areas it reals in the most disadvantaged population being consolidated in disorganized urban neighborhoods

50
Q

Relative Deprivation Theory

A

Lower-class people may feel deprived as they compare their life to the affluent
Frustration increases and the likelihood increases that the people will choose illegitimate life enhancing activities
Affluent may feel deprived if they fail to achieve lofty and unlimited goals

51
Q

Anomie

A

An anomie society is one where rules, or norms, have broken down or become inoperative due to rapid social change.

52
Q

Institutional Anomie Theory

A

Anomie theory view antisocial behavior as a function of cultural and institutional influences in American society

53
Q

Status frustration

A

lower-class youth experience culture conflict because social conditions make them incapable of achieving success legitimately

54
Q

Criminal Gangs

A
  • in slum areas where close connections between adolescent and adult offenders create an environment for successful criminal enterprise
55
Q

Conflict Gangs

A

develop in communities unable to provide either legitimate or illegitimate opportunities. Crime in this area is individualistic, unorganized, petty, poorly paid, and unprotected

56
Q

Retreatist Gangs

A

double failures, unable to gain success through legitimate means and unwilling to do so through illegal ones.

57
Q

Social Learning Theories

A

Crime is a product of learning the norms, values and behaviours associated with criminal activity.

58
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

Behaviour is reinforced by being either rewarded or punished while interacting with others, also called direct conditioning

59
Q

Neutralization Theory

A

View the process of becoming a criminal as a Learning experience, in which potential delinquents and criminals master techniques that enable them to counterbalance or neutralize conventional values and drift back and forth between illegitimate and conventional behavior .

60
Q
  • Attachment
A

a person’s sensitivity to and interest in others.

61
Q

Commitment

A

the time, energy, and effort expended in conventional lines of action such as getting an education and saving money for the future.

62
Q

Involvement

A

when individuals are involved in school, recreation and fail they are insulated from the lure of criminal behavior.

63
Q

Belief

A

Those who live in the same social setting often share common moral beliefs.

64
Q

Social reaction theory

A
  • Explains how criminal careers are a Common passion for destructive social interactions and encounters.
65
Q

Crime and Labeling Theory

A

Crime and deviance are defined by the social audience’s reaction to people and their behaviour and the subsequent effects of had reaction
- they are not defined by the moral content of the illegal act itself,

66
Q

Differential Enforcement

A

The law is differentially applied, benching those who hold economic and social power and penalizing the powerless.

67
Q

Becoming Labeled

A

the less personal power and fewer resources a person has, the greater the chance he or she will become labeled.

68
Q

Differential Social Control

A

The process of labelling may produce an evaluation of the self, which reflects actual or perceived appraisals made by others.

69
Q

Retrospective Reading

A

Process of the past of the labeled person being reviewed. and re-evaluated to fit his or her current status.

70
Q

Primary deviance

A

involves norm violations or crimes that have very little influence on the actor and can be quickly forgotten.

71
Q

Secondary deviance

A

occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents who apply a negative label.

72
Q

Negative Labels

A

Negative Labels such as -troublemaker, mentally ill, and stupid - help stigmatize the recipients of these labels and reduce their self-image.

73
Q

Dramatization of Evil

A

Negative feedback of law enforcement agencies, parents, friends, teaches, and other figures can amplify the force of the original negative label

74
Q

Deviance Amplification effect

A

Deviance or crime can be increased by the social reaction to deviance itself.
Offenders feel isolated from the mainstream of society and become firmly locked within deviant role.

75
Q
A

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions