International police and judicial cooperation

Question 1

□ High policing:

Answer 1

policing against opponents against the regime. Goal was to gather information about these opponents. Also within special offices in police services.

Question 2

a. Communal offences

Answer 2

(regular criminal offences/regular types of crime, murder theft smuggling)

Question 3

b. Political crime

Answer 3

The fight against political crime and more or less violent crimianl opponent cooperation

Question 4

® Russian Okhrana

Answer 4

(russian political police) : created at the end of the 19th century as a reaction of the russian regime to the assassination of the russian tszar (alexander the II 1881 by political oppossants). The service collects information about these opponents.

Question 5

Bertillon:

Answer 5

french anthropologist and he created the bertillonage (= a technique to identify suspects based on physical characteristics)
§ System using numbers. Coding. Easier to transmit these information.
§ Open portrat, mug photos.
§ Using telegraph to transmit these information. Good becuase it uses one type of translation that everybody can understand despite language barriers.

Question 6

○ Galton: Francis Galton. .

Answer 6

British anthropologist. Published important book 1892. Finger prints. Came to the conclusion that the finger prints are permanent, and characterized persons form eachother

Question 7

The Monaco Congress of 1914

Answer 7

• The first congres of international criminal police. More than 20 countires participating.
  ○ Importance of conference was: the discussion was about the ordinary types of crime.
  The structure that was set up after the anti-anarchist conference that was related to the political opponents, was thought to also be used to fight destruction of regular common crime. Smuggling of drugs/firearms, etc. Slavery, pornography.

Question 8

• 1923 third congres.

Answer 8

A police (chiefs) conference (finally). No outdated one. Organized in Austria Vienna.
○ The decision was taken to create an international police criminal organization.
○ Lets create a common roof.
○ There was a commission that should extend all the possiblemutual aid to all the participating countries. International criminal police cooperation.

Question 9

• But why was it possible to now reach an agreement in 1923 and not 1914?

Answer 9

a. First reason, this was a police conference (with agreement of the goverment)
b. First world war, europe needed to be rebuilt, and had an eunomrous security problem. Many people needed money, very political unstable climate, many people resorted to criminal activity.

Question 10

II.4. The non-operational character of Interpol

Answer 10

• Interpol has a non operational character. A person from interpol doesnt have uitvoerende powers.
  
  • There are also major event support teams: support team sent out by inteprol Lyon to a certain country where a major event is happening. Think about Olympic games, footbal. Proivde assitance to local police organizations if something happens. Major international event.