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Internal Med EOR > Internal med pulmonology > Flashcards

Internal med pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

etiology of acute bronchitis

A

viral or bacterial

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2
Q

s/s of acute bronchitis

A
  • cough
  • substernal pain
  • wheezing
  • rhonchi
  • fever
  • SOB
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3
Q

diagnosis of acute bronchitis

A

clinical

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4
Q

treatment of a cute bronchitis

A

symptomatic

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5
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of two successive years in a patient whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded

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6
Q

asthma

A

reversible obstructive lung disease caused by increased reaction of the airways to various stimuli or triggers

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7
Q

etiology of asthma

A

eosinophilic

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8
Q

s/s of asthma

A
  • SOB
  • chest tightness
  • cough
  • wheezing
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9
Q

diagnosis of asthma

A
  • children: ratio below 85% and fev or fvc >12% improved post bronchodilator
  • adults: ratio below 70% and fev or fvc >12% and 200mL
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10
Q

treatment of asthma

A

start with SABA, then ICS, then LABA

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11
Q

mild intermittent asthma

A
  • symptoms <2 days per week
  • use of SABA <2 times per week
  • ratio is normal
  • no interference with normal activities
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12
Q

mild persistent asthma

A
  • symptoms more than 2 weekly
  • use of SABA >2 times a week
  • minor interference with normal activities
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13
Q

moderate persistent asthma

A
  • daily symptoms
  • daily use of SABA
  • some limitation of normal activities
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14
Q

severe persistent asthma

A
  • symptoms throughout the day
  • need for SABA several times per day
  • extreme limitation of normal activities
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15
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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16
Q

s/s of bronchiectasis

A
  • chronic cough
  • purulent sputum in copious amounts
  • repeated respiratory infections
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17
Q

treatment of bronchiectasis

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Bronchodilators
  • Chest physiotherapy
  • Treatment of primary condition
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18
Q

s/s of bronchial carcinoid tumor

A
  • rarely metastasizes
  • hemoptysis
  • cough
  • wheezing
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19
Q

carcinoid syndrome

A
  • flushing
  • diarrhea
  • wheezing
  • hypotension
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20
Q

diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid tumor

A

pink/purple tumor on bronchoscopy

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21
Q

management of bronchial carcinoid tumor

A

surgical excision

22
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

right heart failure due to increased pressure in lungs leading to peripheral edema caused by COPD

(so COPD causes increased lung pressure causes peripheral edema and right sided heart failure)

23
Q

s/s of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • gradual onset of exertional dyspnea
  • nonproductive cough
  • fine inspiratory rales/crackles
  • restrictive on PFT
24
Q

diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

alternating areas of healthy lung, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and honeycomb change

25
Q

management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  • anti-inflammatory
26
Q

etiologies of pneumoconiosis

A
  • coal workers
  • silicosis
  • asbestosis
27
Q

s/s of coal workers pneumoconiosis

A
  • diminished lung function
  • small rounded opacities on upper half of lungs
28
Q

s/s of silicosis

A
  • cough
  • SOB
  • pleuritis CP
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
29
Q

diagnosis of silicosis

A

small nodules scattered diffusely

30
Q

s/s of asbestosis

A
  • DOE
  • bibasilar inspiratory crackles
31
Q

diagnosis of asbestosis

A
  • pleural plaques
  • asbestos on lavage
32
Q

treatment for pneumoconiosis

A

supportive

33
Q

MC etiology of pneumonia

A

strep pneumo

34
Q

s/s of pneumonia

A
  • fever
  • shaking chills
  • SOB
  • purulent cough
  • CP
  • crackles
35
Q

diagnosis of pneumonia

A

CXR

36
Q

treatment of pneumonia

A
  • outpatient low risk: amoxicillin, doxy, or azithromycin
  • outpatient high risk: rocephin + azithromycin or levaquin
  • inpatient non-ICU: rocephin + azithromycin or levaquin
  • inpatient ICU: rocephin + levaquin
37
Q

goal mPAP

A

10-18mmHg

38
Q

definition of pulmonary HTN

A

mPAP >20

39
Q

WHO classifications of pulmonary HTN

A
  • 1: idiopathic
  • 2: due to left heart disease
  • 3: due to lung disease
  • 4: thromboembolism
  • 5: miscellaneous
40
Q

s/s of pulmonary HTN

A
  • malaise
  • fatigue
  • dyspnea
  • JVD
  • 3rd heart sound
  • nonproductive cough
41
Q

diagnosis of pulmonary HTN

A

swan ganz

42
Q

classifications of pulmonary HTN

A
  • NYHA 1: no sx
  • NYHA 2: slight limitation of activity
  • NYHA 3: marked limitation of activity
  • NYHA 4: unable to perform activity without symptoms
43
Q

treatment of pulmonary HTN

A
  • NYHA 1: monotherapy
  • NYHA 2/3: endothelin + PDE5, add on guanylate cyclase and prostaglandin
  • NYHA 4: add on parenteral prostanoid
44
Q

s/s of solitary pulmonary nodule

A
  • <3cm
  • isolated and round
45
Q

diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule

A

CT

46
Q

malignant vs benign characteristics of solitary pulmonary nodule

A
  • malignant: subsolid, ill-defined, spiculated, halo, fast growth, stippled, eccentric
  • benign: solid, smooth and well defined, dense calcification,
47
Q

treatment of solitary pulmonary nodule

A
  • > 30mm: resection
  • <30mm: risk calculator
48
Q

characteristics of small cell lung cancer

A
  • smokers
  • central
49
Q

characteristics of adenocarcinoma

A
  • slow growing
  • periphery
  • nonsmokers
50
Q

characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • central
  • smokers
51
Q

characteristics of large cell carcinoma

A
  • rapidly growing
  • peripheral
52
Q

etiology of hypoventilation syndrome

A
  • COPD
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • drugs

Internal Med EOR (18 decks)

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