Internal Med Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
etiology of acromegaly
A
- adenoma (Of pituitary?)
- GH excess
2
Q
s/s of acromegaly
A
- large forehead
- large hands
- cardiomegaly
- large nose
3
Q
diagnosis of acromegaly
A
GH suppression test
4
Q
treatment of acromegaly
A
- surgical resection
- somatostatin analogues (ocreotide)
- dopamine agonists (bromocriptine or cabergoline)
5
Q
etiology of addisons disease
A
autoimmune
6
Q
s/s of addisons disease
A
- hyperpigmentation
- hyponatremia
- hypotension
- abdominal pain
- change in body hair
7
Q
diagnosis of addisons disease
A
- rapid ACTH stimulation
- plasma cortisol levels
8
Q
treatment of Addison’s disease
A
- hydrocortisone
- fludrocortisone
9
Q
etiology of cushing disease
A
- exogenous steroids
- tumor
10
Q
s/s of cushing disease
A
- central obesity
- moon face
- buffalo hump
- striae
11
Q
diagnosis of cushing disease
A
- dexamethasone suppression
- 24 urine free cortisol
- late night salivary cortisol
12
Q
treatment of cushing disease
A
- stop exogenous cortisol
- remove tumor
13
Q
etiology of diabetes insipidus
A
- primary: autoimmune
- secondary: damage to hypothalamus or pituitary stalk
- nephrogenic: defect in kidney tubules
14
Q
s/s of diabetes insipidus
A
- thirst
- polyuria
15
Q
diagnosis of diabetes insipidus
A
- fluid restriction
- vasopressin challenge test
16
Q
treatment of diabetes insipidus
A
desmopressin
17
Q
etiology of hypercalcemia
A
- malignancy
- hyperparathyroidism
18
Q
s/s of hypercalcemia
A
- stones
- bones
- groans
- psych overtones
19
Q
treatment of hypercalcemia
A
-fluids
-loop diuretics
20
Q
etiology of hypernatremia
A
- loss of body water
- increased sodium intake
21
Q
s/s of hypernatremia
A
neuro s/s
22
Q
treatment of hypernatremia
A
fluids
23
Q
etiology of hyperparathyroidism
A
parathyroid adenoma
24
Q
s/s of hyperparathyroidism
A
-sx related to hypercalcemia
25
diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism
* elevated PTH
* elevated urine calcium
26
treatment of hyperparathyroidism
* if asx: monitor
* if sx: parathyroidectomy
* sensispar
27
etiology of hyperthyroidism
autoimmune
28
s/s of hyperthyroidism
* tachycardia
* palpitations
* weight loss
* diaphoresis
* heat intolerance
29
diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
* labs (low TSH, high T3, T4)
* TSI antibodies
30
treatment of hyperthyroidism
* methimazole
* PTU
* beta blockers
31
etiology of hypocalcemia
* hypoparathyroidism
* vitamin d deficiency
* CKD
32
s/s of hypocalcemia
* chvostek
* trosseau
* cramps
* dysrhythmias
33
treatment of hypocalcemia
calcium supplement
34
etiology of hyponatremia
* overhydration
* excess Na loss
35
s/s of hyponatremia
neuro s/s
36
treatment of hyponatremia
* fluid restriction
* hypertonic saline
37
etiology of hypoparathyroidism
* autoimmune
* acquired
38
s/s of hypoparathyroidism
hypocalcemia sx
39
treatment of hypoparathyroidism
* calcium supplementation
* Mag supplement if low
* vitamin D
* forteo
40
Etiology of Paget's Disease
accelerated bone remodeling
41
s/s of pagets disease
* mostly asx
* bone pain
* fractures
42
diagnosis of pagets disease
* elevated alk phos
* lytic lesions on xray
43
treatment of pagets disease
bisphosphonates
44
s/s of pheochromocytoma
* palpitations
* HA
* diaphoresis
* HTN
45
Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
plasma free metanephrines
46
Treatment of pheochromocytoma
surgical removal
47
S/S of thyroid cancer
* single nodule
* often asymptomatic
48
most common thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
49
diagnosis of thyroid cancer
* US
* biopsy
50
treatment of thyroid cancer
thyroidectomy
