Internal Med Endocrine Flashcards
etiology of acromegaly
- adenoma (Of pituitary?)
- GH excess
s/s of acromegaly
- large forehead
- large hands
- cardiomegaly
- large nose
diagnosis of acromegaly
GH suppression test
treatment of acromegaly
- surgical resection
- somatostatin analogues (ocreotide)
- dopamine agonists (bromocriptine or cabergoline)
etiology of addisons disease
autoimmune
s/s of addisons disease
- hyperpigmentation
- hyponatremia
- hypotension
- abdominal pain
- change in body hair
diagnosis of addisons disease
- rapid ACTH stimulation
- plasma cortisol levels
treatment of Addison’s disease
- hydrocortisone
- fludrocortisone
etiology of cushing disease
- exogenous steroids
- tumor
s/s of cushing disease
- central obesity
- moon face
- buffalo hump
- striae
diagnosis of cushing disease
- dexamethasone suppression
- 24 urine free cortisol
- late night salivary cortisol
treatment of cushing disease
- stop exogenous cortisol
- remove tumor
etiology of diabetes insipidus
- primary: autoimmune
- secondary: damage to hypothalamus or pituitary stalk
- nephrogenic: defect in kidney tubules
s/s of diabetes insipidus
- thirst
- polyuria
diagnosis of diabetes insipidus
- fluid restriction
- vasopressin challenge test
treatment of diabetes insipidus
desmopressin
etiology of hypercalcemia
- malignancy
- hyperparathyroidism
s/s of hypercalcemia
- stones
- bones
- groans
- psych overtones
treatment of hypercalcemia
-fluids
-loop diuretics
etiology of hypernatremia
- loss of body water
- increased sodium intake
s/s of hypernatremia
neuro s/s
treatment of hypernatremia
fluids
etiology of hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
s/s of hyperparathyroidism
-sx related to hypercalcemia
diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism
- elevated PTH
- elevated urine calcium
treatment of hyperparathyroidism
- if asx: monitor
- if sx: parathyroidectomy
- sensispar
etiology of hyperthyroidism
autoimmune
s/s of hyperthyroidism
- tachycardia
- palpitations
- weight loss
- diaphoresis
- heat intolerance
diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
- labs (low TSH, high T3, T4)
- TSI antibodies
treatment of hyperthyroidism
- methimazole
- PTU
- beta blockers
etiology of hypocalcemia
- hypoparathyroidism
- vitamin d deficiency
- CKD
s/s of hypocalcemia
- chvostek
- trosseau
- cramps
- dysrhythmias
treatment of hypocalcemia
calcium supplement
etiology of hyponatremia
- overhydration
- excess Na loss
s/s of hyponatremia
neuro s/s
treatment of hyponatremia
- fluid restriction
- hypertonic saline
etiology of hypoparathyroidism
- autoimmune
- acquired
s/s of hypoparathyroidism
hypocalcemia sx
treatment of hypoparathyroidism
- calcium supplementation
- Mag supplement if low
- vitamin D
- forteo
Etiology of Paget’s Disease
accelerated bone remodeling
s/s of pagets disease
- mostly asx
- bone pain
- fractures
diagnosis of pagets disease
- elevated alk phos
- lytic lesions on xray
treatment of pagets disease
bisphosphonates
s/s of pheochromocytoma
- palpitations
- HA
- diaphoresis
- HTN
Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
plasma free metanephrines
Treatment of pheochromocytoma
surgical removal
S/S of thyroid cancer
- single nodule
- often asymptomatic
most common thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
diagnosis of thyroid cancer
- US
- biopsy
treatment of thyroid cancer
thyroidectomy
