Internal Insect Morphology 2 Flashcards
What do sensory neurons do? (2)
Associated with sensory structures
Sends stimuli to the CNS
What do motor neurons do? (2)
Associated with muscles and glands
Sends stimuli to the CNS and transmits to muscles
What do interneurons do?
Interconnects different types of neurons
What is a neuron made of?
Consists of a dendrite, axon, and cell body
What are dendrites?
Dendrites receives information from axon terminals through the synapse
How is stimilus detected? (3)
Hair detects stimuli, activating the sensory neuron, which is sent to the ganglion
Ganglion then sends information to the brain
Brain returns signal to the ganglion which activates appropriate motor neuron
What makes up the central nervous system? (3)
Brain
ventral nerve cord
ganglia
What are ganglions? (3)
Thickening bulb portions of the nerve cord
Possess connected neurons of all three types
Separated into frontal, thoracic, and abdominal
What does the subesophogial ganglion connect and do?
Connects mandibular nerve, maxillary nerve, and labial nerve
When insects intakes food, neurons are activated to produce saliva, digestion proteins, and other secretion to help ingest and digest
What does the peripheral nervous system do?
Receives information from the environment and sends action potentials to the CNS
What does the female reproductive system do? (4)
Receive sperm
To store sperm
To manipulate sperm
Produce eggs
What is spermatheca?
Sperm is received and kept in the spermatheca
What is the male reproductive system made of?
accessory gland and aedeaguys
What does the accessory gland do?
makes the sperm to attract female
What does the aedagus do?
detach to prevent other males from mating with the same female
What does oviparous mean, how common is it, and what is a disadvantage?
Eggs laid outside the body
Most common mode
High chance of predation
What does ovoviparous mean, and how do eggs receive nutrients?
Eggs retained in the female body
Provide nutrients from egg yolks
What does viviparous mean, where does the embryo develop, and how does it receive nutrients?
Live birth
Embryos are developed within the female
Provides nutrients from accessory glands and other tissues
What does parthogenesis mean, and an example?
Unfertilized eggs developing into embryos
Daughters are clones and are ready to reproduce
Ex- female aphids reproducing asexually in optimal environment
What does holocyclic asexual reproduction mean?
Females producing male offspring because genetic variation from sexual reproduction is needed
What does haplodiploidy sex determination mean?
Unfertilized eggs- haploid- male
Fertilized eggs- diploid- female
What does paedogenesis mean? (2)
Offsprings are produced by reproductively mature juveniles
Complex life cycle where adult females may only be produced by certain conditions
What does polyembryony mean, where is it found, and how does it receive nutrients?
Single egg splits into multiple embryos
Range from 10 to 1,000 individuals
Found only in parasitic wasps
Receives nutrients from host
What does the endocrine system do? (3)
Maintain homeostasis
Coordinate behavior in social insects
Produces neurohormones to regulate growth and development
What is ecdysis?
molting hormones
What does protharcotropic hormone do? (PTTH)
Stimulates the ecdysial gland to produce an ecdysone steroid
What does the juvenile hormone do?
Regulates development, metamorphosis, and reproduction
How do hormones help in development?
causes epidermis to produce soft-bodied larval cuticle
How do hormones help in reproduction?
stimulates vitellogenin, a protein that helps make eggs, in females
