Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Entomology > Applied Entomology > Flashcards

Applied Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

How important is agriculture?

A

The most important event in the cultural evolution of the human species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When and where (2) did agriculture begin?

A

12,000-18,000 years ago first implements and storage containers found

Middle East

Egypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the first products of agriculture? (4)

A

Wheat

lentils

chickpeas

dates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What allowed the development of an agricultural society? (2)

A

development of cereals

domestication of herbivorous animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of cereal (6)

A

wheat

rye

barley

corn/maize

rice

sorghum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did agriculture affect the development of human society?

A

shift from a hunter/gatherer system to an agricultural society?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are three characteristics of a hunter/gatherer system?

A

mobile

low fertility

active involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are three characteristics of an agricultural society?

A

sedentary

increased fertility

few individuals involved in food procurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How did agriculture advance between 12,000 years ago to the 1700s? (2)

A

little change

most of human population involved in production agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are three recent advancements of agriculture?

A

improved mechanization

improved crop plants

increased energy input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who invented GMOs and introduced the Green Revolution?

A

Norman Borlaug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Green Revolution also known as?

A

the Third Agricultural Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can insects create competition in agriculture? (5)

A

consuming crop products

consuming stored products

structures

vectoring diseases to plants, animals, and humans

acting as a pest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much of insects are herbivores?

A

30-40% of all insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Levels of insect pests (5)

A

subeconomic/ non-financially damaging pest

occasional/seasonal pest

key pest- requires control or action

perennial/ non-seasonal pest

severe pest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Economic Injury Level? (2)

A

lowest number of insects that will cause an economic loss

point at which loss due to damage is greater than cost of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the economic injury level measured?

A

number of insects/ unit of measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the economic/action threshold?

A

insect density that would justify intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a fixed economic threshold?

A

EIL is 6 insects per plant, intervention is at 4 insects per plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Action Threshold graph

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the economic threshold level?

A

point below the economic injury level at which a decision is made to treat or not treat

pest density at which action should be taken to prevent an increasing pest population over the EIL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Economic threshold level graph

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Integrated Pest management options (4)

A

biological control

physical control

cultural control

chemical control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the foundation of IPM?

A

monitoring insect numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are examples of cultural control (2)?
good sanitation habitat change
26
What are examples of physical/mechanical control? (3)
flea/lice combs screens proper clothing
27
Example of biological control (2)
predators parasites
28
Examples of biorational chemical control? (5)
repellants diatomaceous earth oils insect growth regulators microbials
29
Examples of conventional chemical controls (1)
pesticides that kill on contact?
30
How does prevention graduate to intervention in pest control?
prevention slowly graduates to intervention as cultural > physical > biological > chemical
31
How does toxicity graduate in pest control?
increases in toxicity as cultural > physical > biological > chemical
32
Methods to monitoring pests (4)
direct counts traps damage estimates prediction- degree-days
33
4 benefits of monitoring pests
track the number of pests and natural enemies able to target insecticide application at the correct time enhances conservation of natural enemies indicate efficacy of treatments
34
How can biological controls help against pests? (2)
natural enemies of pests cause mortality maintain pest population at below threshold levels
35
How can this insect be a biological control?
parasitoid
36
How can this insect be a biological control?
predator
37
How can this insect be a biological control?
pathogen
38
How can this insect be a biological control?
How can this insect be a biological control?
39
What are 3 types of biological control?
import natural enemies and establish in the filed- classic method augmentative release- release each season conservation- depend upon local natural enemies
40
What do biological control require?
conservation of natural enemies
41
Methods to conserve natural enemies (3)
reduce insecticide use use softer chemicals manipulate habitats like intercropping
42
four concerns of biological control
non-target effects host specificity testing risk assessment protocols necessary evils- eugenics
43
How are insecticides used as resources? (3)
financial investment for development potential for use or abuse provide options for pest management
44
5 problems with insecticides
kill or disrupt natural enemies secondary pests residues on produce build-up of resistance- insecticide treadmill environmental concerns
45
What is an incorrect approach to dealing with insecticide resistance? (2)
raising the concentration of active ingredients increasing frequency of application
46
What is the correct approach with insecticide resistance (#)
reduce reliance on chemicals alternate chemical groups target insecticide application
47
5 benefits of insecticides
effective if used correctly provide an immediate solution new formulations are safer target-specific mdoes of action are being developed effective chemicals should be conserved for sustainable pest management
48
How do you calculate an EIL?
total cost of managing a potential pest costs can fluctuate with time
49
What contributes to the cost of managing pests? (4)
pesticides application equipment time involvement need to hire expertise or help value of crop
50
graph of EIL calculation
51
What are subeconomic pests? (3)
amount of damage done is not sufficiently costly to manage costs more to mage the pest than the damage is worth rarely if ever managed
52
EIL of subeconomic pests
53
examples of subeconomic pests
54
What are occasional pests?
do not usually do enough damage to justify management favorable conditions may place population above the EIL
55
Key, perennial, and severe pest characteristics (3)
regular and serious damage high numbers in high value crops aesthetic damage
55
EIL of occasional pests
56
Examples of occasional pests
57
How are key, perennial, and severe pests managed? (2)
prophylactic basis management revolves around these pests
58
how common are key, perennial, and severe pests?
200 in US 2000 in the world
59
key, perennial, and severe pests EIL
60
example of a key pest
61
How do certain insects become pests? (3)
Insect population numbers and ecosystem modification transportation human attitude
62
Examples of ecosystem modification leading to pests (2)
agricultural monocultures r and K selection
63
How does transportation contribute to pests? (3)
moved in association with humans and products anthropogenic released from natural controls
64
What is r and K selection?
a continuum of r >>>>> K
65
r organism characteristics (5)
high reproductive capacity, no young care short-lived rebound quickly after change often insects often pests
66
k organism characteristics (4)
low reproductive capacity, increased young care long-lived difficulty dealing with change humans, mammals, some insects
67
How does human attitude contribute to pests?
standards and lifestyle lice management in children flea management in pets fecal material management in corn blemish-free fruit
68
How does pest population benefit entomologists?
provides job security

Entomology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions