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Entomology > Internal Insect Morphology 1 > Flashcards

Internal Insect Morphology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 characteristics of the internal insect structure?

A

Invertebrate- lacking a vertebrae
Ventral nerve cord
Dorsal vessel- not blood vessel
Open circulatory system

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2
Q

What are the 8 major internal organ systems, and their roles?

A

Digestive
Obtain and assimilate food, remove waste products

Excretory
Remove nitrogenous waste products, involved in internal chemical and water balance

Respiratory
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Muscular
Movement, internally and through the environment

Circulatory
Transportation of items throughout the body, wound healing, storage

Nervous
A system of communication between stimuli and the organism

Reproductive
procreation

Endocrine
Growth, reproduction, change, internal communication

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3
Q

What does the digestive tract do? (4)

A

Ingestion

digestion

absorption

egestion

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4
Q

What is absorption?

A

passage of digested food molecules from the digestive tract to the hemolymph and body cavity

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5
Q

What is egestion?

A

elimination of undigested food waste

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6
Q

What makes up the digestive tract of an insect? (11)

A

labium
labrum
pharynx
esophagus
crop
stomodeal valve
ventriculus
malpighian tubules
pyloric valve
rectum
anus

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7
Q

What is the labium? (2)

A

the bottom portion of the mouth, controls/ grabs the food

Possesses labial gland that produces saliva that breaks down food

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8
Q

What is the labrum?

A

the roof of the mouth

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9
Q

what does the crop do?

A

stores food

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10
Q

what does the stomodeal valve do, and where is it?

A

Controls what the insect takes in for digestion

Between the foregut and the midgut

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11
Q

What does the ventriculus do? (2)

A

Where digestion occurs, similar to the stomach
Epithelial cells produce enzymes to breakdown food

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12
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A

intima
epithelial cells
basement membrane
longtiudinal muscles
circular muscles

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13
Q

What is the intima?

A

in plant-feeding insects, to protect the insect from the plant’s defense mechanism
Most inner layer

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14
Q

Where is the epithelial cells in the foregut?

A

layer unter the intima

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15
Q

Where is the basement membrane, and what does it do?

A

under the epithelial cells
Prevents permeation

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16
Q

Where is the longitudinal muscles, and what does it do?

A

layer under the membranous layer
Helps move food from the mouth to the crop

17
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

stomodeal valve, ventriculus, and the malpighian tubule

18
Q

What is the malpighian tubule, and what does it do? (6)

A

slender tubes that run along the ventriculus

Where water and ionic balance occurs

The waste product is removed

assist in passive movement of sugars and ions

Actively transports larger molecules like potassium using water

Osmoregulates

19
Q

What does the pyloric valve do>

A

regulates food that goes from the midgut to the hindgut

20
Q

what are the three sections of the gut?

A

Foregut
midgut
hindgut

21
Q

what does the excretory system do?

A

Eliminates nitrogenous waste
Regulates water and ionic balance

22
Q

What is in the waste product?

A

amine group and hydrogen from water

23
Q

What is ammonia secreted by? (2)

A

excreted by small insects in moist environments
Easy to produce, but toxic

24
Q

what is urea secreted by?

A

excreted by most vertebrates
It is not as easy to produce, not as toxic

25
Q

what is uric acid secreted by?

A

secreted by most terrestrial insects
Difficult to produce, not toxic

26
Q

What does the respiratory tract do?

A

Need oxygen, removed as CO2
Do not transport oxygen through the circulatory system

27
Q

What is cuticular diffusion used by?

A

used by small insects in moist environments

28
Q

What are spiracles?

A

openings in the exocuticle that are located laterally along the thorax and abdomen of most insects

opens into the trachea, which opens into the tracheole

29
Q

what is the tracheole?

A

tubes that begin large and branch into successive smaller tubes as it penetrates deeper into the tissues

30
Q

what are air sacs? (4)

A

used by flying insects
Increases the volume of air in the body for gas exchange
Lowers specific gravity for flight
Provides room for the growth of internal organs

31
Q

how do aquatic insects breathe?

A

gills

32
Q

what are spiracular tubes, where is it found, and an example?

A

used by aquatic insects
Spiracles at the posterior end
Ex- mosquito larvae

33
Q

what are plastrons? (4)

A

used by aquatic insects
A thin layer of air around the body’s surface
Held by hydrophobic hair
Spiracles open directly into this thin layer

34
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

Not significantly involved in the movement of oxygen and CO2
Movement of information

35
Q

what is the ostia?

A

small openings entering the dorsal vessel of the heart

36
Q

What is hemolymph, and what does it not contain?

A

insect blood

does not contain hemoglobin- cannot transport oxygen

37
Q

What are the functions of hemolymphs? (8)

A

Lubricant for movement of internal structures

Hydraulic medium for molting- Internal pressure

Transports substances in the body from one tissue to the other- Waste products, hormones, amino acids, metabolites

Contains specialized cells that encapsulate foreign particles

Storage- Water and ions

Phagocytosis

Coagulation

Wound healing

38
Q

What are hemocytes, and their 4 functions?

A

Hemolymph cells

Phagocytosis

Removes dead cells

Migrates to wounds and forms a plug

Congregate around foreign bodies

39
Q

What are the three neuron types?

A

Sensory
Associated with sensory structures

Motor
Associated with muscles and glands

Central nervous system

Entomology (16 decks)

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