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Anatomy Test Three Material > Integumentary System Overview > Flashcards

Integumentary System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main components of the integumentary system?

A

Skin and epidermal derivatives

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2
Q

What are four examples of epidermal derivatives>

A
  1. hair follicles and hair
  2. sweat (sudoriferous) glands
  3. sebaceous (oil) glands
  4. nails
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3
Q

What are the major functions of the integumentary system? (6)

A

Protective, immunologic, homeostasis, sensory, endocrine, and exocrine

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4
Q

What are the two principle layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis and the dermis

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5
Q

What kind of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Is the epithelium vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular

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7
Q

The epidermis is derived from what embryonic tissue?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Generally what kind of tissue is the dermis?

A

Connective tissue

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9
Q

What embryonic tissue is the dermis derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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10
Q

Is the dermis vascular or avascular?

A

Highly vascularized

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11
Q

What is the layer of tissue deep to the skin?

A

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer/subcutaneous fascia), consists of adipose tissue and is vascularized

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12
Q

What are the 4 cells of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes (85%), melanocytes (5%), Langerhans’ cells (2-5%), and Merkel’s cells (6-10%)

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13
Q

What do keratinocytes do?

A

Produce keratins, and participate in formation of water barrier

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14
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Produce pigment

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15
Q

What are Langerhans’ cells of the epidermis?

A

Antigen presenting cells of the immune system

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16
Q

What are Merkel’s cells?

A

Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

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17
Q

What is the major structural protein of the epidermis?

A

Keratins

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18
Q

Keratins are classified as what kind of filaments?

A

Intermediate filaments, more commonly referred to as tonofilaments

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19
Q

Describe the stratum basale layer of the epidermis.

A
  • Single layer of basophilic cells,
  • cells are small and cuboidal/low columnar
  • mitotically active layer; contains stem cells tha tgive rise to keratinocytes
  • production of intermediate (keratin) filaments begins
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20
Q

What two things begin production in the stratum spinosum layer?

A

Keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies

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21
Q

Stratum granulosum layer stains what?

A

Intensely basophilic

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22
Q

Granular cells in the stratum granulosum layer turn into what?

A

Cornified cells (keratinization)

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23
Q

Describe the histologic appearance of stratum lucidum.

A

Thin, translucent layer of eosinophilic cells. Nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles become disrupted and disappear

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24
Q

Describe what is found in the cells of the stratum corneum.

A

Cells lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. They are filled almost entirely with keratin (85%)

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25
Q

Melanin is synthesized and stored in what?

A

Melanosomes

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26
Q

Melanocytes are what kind of cells?

A

Dendridic cells

27
Q

Why does melanin accumulate over the nuclei of cells?

A

To protect DNA from UV radiation

28
Q

Describe a histologic appearance of a melanocyte.

A

Elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm

29
Q

Antigen presenting cells are typically found in what epidermal layer?

A

Stratum spinosum

30
Q

What tissue are antigen presenting cells derived from?

A

Bone-marrow

31
Q

What do the antigen presenting cells do?

A

Present processed antigen to T lymphocytes within nearby lymph node

32
Q

What epidermal layer are mechanoreceptor cells found?

A

Within the stratum basale

33
Q

What is merkel’s corpuscle?

A

This structure is the base of merkel’s cells that associate with expanded plate-like terminal of afferent nerve fibers

34
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma

35
Q

What are three characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?

A
  • Most common
  • Resembles cells of stratum basale
  • Slow-growing tumor
36
Q

What are two characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma?

A
  • Second most common

- Characterized by highly atypical cells at all levels of epidermis

37
Q

What are three characteristics of malignant melanoma?

A
  • Most serious form
  • Originates from melanocytes
  • Presents as irregularly pigmented, multicolor lesion
38
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer and the reticular layer

39
Q

The papillary layer is consisted of what connective tissue?

A

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

40
Q

Describe the histologic appearance of the papillary layer of the dermis.

A

Dermal papillae: finger-like connective tissue protrusions that project into the epidermis at the epidermal-dermal junction

41
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is what kind of connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

42
Q

Is the papillary layer or the reticular layer of the dermis thicker?

A

Reticular layer is considerably thicker

43
Q

Does the papillary layer or the reticular layer have more cells?

A

Papillary layer

44
Q

Where would one find pacinian corpuscles?

A

These structures are found in the dermis and hypodermis

45
Q

Describe the structure of pacinian corpuscles?

A

Large ovoid structures that are myelinated nerve ending surrounded by a capsule consisting of concentric lamellae. The inner core is a series of tightly packed, flattened Schwann cell lamellae surrounding unmyelinated axon

46
Q

What do pacinian corpuscles do?

A

Detect pressure and vibration

47
Q

Where are meissner’s corpuscles found?

A

Within dermal papillae of hairless skin

48
Q

What kind of flattened cells form the lamellae of meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Schwann cells

49
Q

What do meissner’s corpuscles do?

A

Detect light touch

50
Q

Define hair.

A

Elongated filamentous, keratinized structures that project from hair follicles

51
Q

What is the hair follicle responsible for?

A

The production and growth of a hair

52
Q

Where is hair and hair follicles found?

A

Along the surface of almost the entire body, but definitely NOT associated with thick skin

53
Q

What is the smooth muscle that extends from connective tissue sheath surrounding the hair follicle to the papillary layer of dermis?

A

Arrector pili muscle

54
Q

What kind of innervation do arrector pili muscle receive?

A

Sympathetic

55
Q

What role do arrector pili muscles serve?

A

Insulation

56
Q

What leads to body odor?

A

Bacterial breakdown of sweat

57
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands are found where?

A

Everywhere in the skin except thick skin

58
Q

What type of gland are sebaceous glands?

A

Branched acinar glands

59
Q

Define sebum.

A

Lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland

60
Q

Where do sebaceous glands secrete their product?

A

Into hair follicle

61
Q

What kind of secretion comes from sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine

62
Q

What gland is involved in acne development?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

63
Q

Define finger nails and toe nails.

A

Plates of keratinized cells that rest on nail beds

Anatomy Test Three Material (12 decks)

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