Elbow, Cubital Fossa, and Forearm Flashcards
Specifically what is the elbow joint?
Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus, and head of radius capitulum of humerus
Specifically what is the proximal radio-ulna joint?
Head of radius and radial notch of ulna
The articular surfaces of the bones in the elbow joint are covered with what?
Hyaline cartilage
What are the three elbow ligaments?
Radial collateral ligament, anular ligament, and ulnar collateral ligament
The radial collateral ligament resists what force?
Resists varus (from midline) forces
The unar collateral ligament resists what force?
Resists valgar (toward midline) forces
What is nursemaid elbow?
Dislocation of radial head from anular ligament
Superior ulnar collateral artery connects to what?
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery connects to what?
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
Radial collateral artery connects to what?
Radial recurrent artery
Middle collateral artery connects to what?
Recurrent interosseous artery
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
Base: imaginary
Lateral: brachioradialis muscle
Medial: pronator teres muscle
What is contained in the cubital fossa?
TAN; Tendon of biceps brachii, brachial Artery, and median Nerve
What is in the roof of the cubital fossa?
Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein, medial and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, and bicipital aponeurosis
What are the two joints of the forearm?
Distal radio-ulnar joint and interosseous membrane
What are the four muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmeris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the muscle in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the three muscles of the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
For our purpose what is contained in the carpel tunnel?
Basically four structures: The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and the median nerve (ten total things)
The superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm contains what muscles? 7
Anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris
The deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm contains what muscle? 5
Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis
Why is the brachioradialis an exception to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?
It is a flexor and all the other muscles are extensors
The posterior compartment of the arm is innervated by what?
Radial nerve
What muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm is absent in 15% of the population and may ust be present unilaterally?
Flexor carpi radialis
What muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the median nerve? 7
Pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2-3), flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and pronator teres
What muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the ulnar nerve? 2
flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 4-5)
What is the action of pronator teres muscle?
Pronate the forearm?
What is the action of flexor carpi radialis muscle?
Flexion and abduction
What is the action of palmeris longus muscle?
Flex wrist and tense aponeurosis
What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
flex and adduct wrist
What is the action of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?
Quick flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPs) and metacarpophalageal joints (MPs) of digits 2-5
What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Slow flexion of distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) and metacarpophalangeal joints (MPs) of digits 2-5
What is the action of flexor pollicis longus muscle?
Flex the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints (MP)
What is the action of pronator quadratus muscle?
Pronation
Generally the posterior compartment of the forearm muscles are associated with movement of the 1)______, 2)______ of the digits, and 3)______
1) wrist joint
2) extension
3) supination
What is the action of bracioradialis muscle?
Accessory flexor at elbow
What is the action of anconeus muscle?
Accessory extensor at elbow joint
What is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?
Extends and abducts wrist
What is the action of extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?
Extends and abducts wrist
What is the action of lateral epicondyle muscle?
Extends digits 2-5
What is the action of extensor digiti minimi muscle?
Extend digit 5
What is the action of extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Extend and adduct wrist
What is the action of supinator muscle?
Supination
What is the action of abductor policis longus muscle?
Abducts first metacarpophalangeal joint (of thumb)
What is the action of extensor pollicis brevis muscle?
Extend metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit
What is the action of extensor pollicis longus muscle?
Extend all joints of thumb
What is the action of extensor indicis muscle?
Extend index finger
What are the three main nerves of the forearm
Median, ulnar, and radial nerves
The radial nerve splits into what?
Deep (muscular) and superficial (cutaneous) branches
What two veins arise from the dorsal venous plexus of the hand?
Basilic and cephalic veins
What vein of the arm is commonly used to draw blood?
Median cubital vein
