Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Test Three Material > Development of the Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Development of the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the axial skeletal system?

A

Ribs, vertebra, sternum, and skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limb bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two divisions of mesoderm that the skeletal system is derived from?

A

Paraxial mesoderm (somites), and lateral plate somatic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Paraxial mesoderm differentiates into what?

A

Mesenchyme then vertebral column, ribs, and neurocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral plate somatic mesoderm differentiates into what?

A

Mesenchyme then pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, ribs, and sternum (appendicular skeleton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neural crest cells differentiates i

A

Mesenchyme then viscerocranium and hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is all of the axial skeleton derived from, except what exception?

A

Sclerotome forms all of the axial skeleton except the sternum and a portion of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The nucleus pulposus is derived from what?

A

The notocord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At the fourth week of development the sclerotome cells do what?

A

Surround the neural tube and notocord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are each sclerotomes divided?

A

A less dense cranial portion and a dense caudal portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The dense portion of the sclerotome form what?

A

Annulous fibrosus of IV discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The dense portion of a sclerotome fuses with what structure to form what?

A

The less dense portion of the sclerotome immediately inferior to form the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does chondrification of the vertebral bodies occur?

A

6th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does ossification of vertebral bodies begin?

A

7th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do vertebral arch halves fuse?

A

3-5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does the vertebral arch fuse with the body?

A

3-6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is ossification of vertebral bodies complete?

A

About 25 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The sclerotome differentiates into what that will become the annulous fibrosus?

A

Intersegmental mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sternum starts off as what two things that will fuse cranial to caudal?

A

Sternal bars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Bones that encase the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the viscerocranium?

A

Anterolateral facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What parts of the skull are formed by endochondral ossification?

A

Sphenoid, petrous portion of temporal bone, portion of occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the rest of the skull formed that does not develop from endochondral ossification?

A

Intramembranous ossificaiton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Intramembranous ossification forms what kind of bones that surround the brain?

A

Flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where is the cartilaginous neurocranium?
Base of the skull
26
Where is the membranous neurocranium?
Flat bones that surround the brain
27
The bregma takes place of what in a newborn?
The anterior fontanelle
28
The pterion takes place of what in a newborn?
Anterolateral or sphenoidal fontanelle
29
The lambda takes place of what in a newborn?
Posterior fontanelle
30
What fontanelle in a newborn does not have a special name that takes its place?
Posteriolateral or mastoid fontanelle
31
When does ossification of long bones begin?
7/8th week
32
Skeletal muscle is derived from what?
Paraxial mesoderm
33
Cardiac muscle is derived from what?
Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm surrounding developing heart
34
Smooth muscle of the GI tract is derived from what?
Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm surrounding gut tube
35
Somites give rise to what?
Axial skeleton (most), Associated musculature, Overlying dermis of back
36
Somites differentiate into what three initial things?
Sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome
37
What are myoblasts?
Specialized mesoderm cells that fuse together to form skeletal muscle and can actively contract by week seven
38
Progenitor cells for muscle tissues derived from the 1)________ and 2)________ lips of the 3)________
1) Ventrolateral 2) Dorsalmedial 3) Dermomyotome
39
What separates the paraxial mesoderm from lateral plate somatic mesoderm?
Lateral somitic frontier
40
What domain surrounds neural tube and contains only somite-derived cells?
Primaxial domain
41
What domain is the parietal layer of lateral plate mesodem with somite-derived cells
Abaxial domain
42
The ventrolateral lip cells left at the myotome will form what?
Musculature of the back, Shoulder girdle muscles, Intercostal muscles
43
Most Ventrolateral lip (VLL) myoblasts migrate across the frontier into lateral plate somatic mesoderm to form what?
Infrahyoid muscles, Pectoralis major & minor muscles, Abdominal wall muscles, and Limb muscles
44
Each myotome divides into what two things?
Epaxial group (dorsal/posterior)(back) and hypaxial group (ventral/anterior)(includes limbs)
45
Each spinal nerve divides into what two things?
Dorsal primary ramus and ventral primary ramus
46
The sphincter pupillae m. and dilator pupillae m. of the iris are developed from what?
Neuroectoderm
47
Myoepithelial cells of mammary, salivary, & sweat glands are derived from what?
Surface ectoderm
48
Limb buds emerge around the end of what week?
4th
49
Do upper or lower limbs develop first?
Upper followed by lower 1-2 days later
50
What is the distal most end of a developing limb called?
Apical ectodermal ridge (AER)
51
Just proximal to the AER is what zone of the developing limb?
Progress zone
52
Melanocytes of the developing limb come from what?
Neural crest
53
Sensory axons and Schwann cells of the developing limb come from what?
Neural crest
54
Myoblasts of the developing limb come from what?
From myotome of VLL
55
Motor axons of the developing limb come from what?
From neural tube
56
When does limb rotation occur?
Week seven
57
How do the upper limbs developmentally rotate?
Lateral rotation of 90 degrees
58
How do the lower limbs developmentally rotate?
Medial rotation of 90 degrees
59
When is the paddle stage of limb development?
6th week
60
What are digital rays?
Outlines of future digits
61
When will a fetus have fully developed digits?
End of eighth week
62
What is meromelia?
Absence of part of a limb
63
What is amelia?
Absence of an entire limb (absence of AER)
64
What is polydactyly?
Extra digits
65
What is syndactyly?
Two or more fused digits

Anatomy Test Three Material (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions