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Anatomy 200 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system: 2 components that make up the cutaneous membrane

A

Epidermis (epithelium)

Dermis (connective tissue)

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2
Q

Integumentary system: 3 accessory structures

A
  • exocrine glands
  • hair
  • nails
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3
Q

4 tissue types

A
  • epithelium
  • connective tissue
  • muscle (smooth)
  • nerve
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4
Q

What is the largest organ system of the body?

A

Skin (15%)

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5
Q

Where is the thinnest skin on the human body? How thick is it?

A
  • eyelid

- 0.5 mm

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6
Q

Where is the thickest skin on the human body? How thick is it?

A
  • heel of foot

- 4.0 mm

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7
Q

What is the average thickness of skin?

A

1-2mm

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8
Q

What is the area (m^2) that your skin covers?

A

2 m^2

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis (fat storage)
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10
Q

What is the name of the specific interface between dermis and epidermis?

A

Peak-and-valley interface

- allows for a tight bond b/n diff layers of skin (can resist shearing stresses)

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11
Q

The structure of the epidermis has 5 layers. Name them from deep to superficial.

A

Stratum:

  • germinativum
  • spinosum
  • granulosum
  • lucidum
  • corneum
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12
Q

Another term for stratum germinativum.

A

stratum basale (@ base of epidermis)

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13
Q

As the keratinocytes begin to move up from the deep to superficial layers of the epithelium, they start to flatten out. What shapes do they take over the process?

A

round > oval > flat

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14
Q

T/F:

Keratinocytes are still capable of division in the stratum spinosum.

A

True.

Keratinocytes are less capable of division the closer they are to the superficial layer of the epithelium.

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15
Q

How are keratinocytes Held together in the stratum spinosum?

A

Desmosomes - protein linkage b/n adjacent cell junctions

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16
Q

Which layer in the epidermis is responsible for the production of large quantities of keratohyalin and keratin?

A

Stratum granulosum

17
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in volar skin (palmar and plantar skin)?

A

stratum lucidum

18
Q

Which layer of the epidermis the most adapted for protection against abrasion and microbial invasion?

A

stratum corneum.

also a water repellent barrier

19
Q

Which structure of skin contains nerve endings?

A

dermis (layer)

20
Q

The two layers the dermis consists of:

A
  • papillary layer (thinner, areolar, with nerve endings)

- reticular layer (thicker, compact connect tissue, elastic fibres)

21
Q

Structure of skin where subcutaneous fat is stored (amount/ distribution differs between sexes).

A

hypodermis (aka superficial fascia)

22
Q

What is the function of a Merkel cell? Where is it found?

A
  • touch sensation/ receptor

- stratum germinativum/ basale of epidermis

23
Q

What type of specialized skin cell is phagocytic and plays an important role in immune function?

A

Langerhans cells (found in epidermis)

24
Q

What type of specialized skin cell forms the basis of skin colour?

A

Melanocytes (forms 8% of epithelial cells)

25
Q

What pigment within the skin gives a yellow/ orange colour?

A

carotene

26
Q

What pigment within the skin gives a red/ yellow colour?

A

pheomelanin

27
Q

What pigment within the skin gives a brown/black colour?

A

melanin

28
Q

What do melanocytes transfer to keratinocytes to colour them (via pigmentation)?

A

melanosomes

29
Q

Accessory structures:

2 types of exocrine glands

A
  • sweat glands

- sebaceous glands (secrete oily lipid)

30
Q

2 types of special apocrine glands

A
  • ceruminous glands (ear wax)

- mammary glands (milk production)

31
Q

3 types of hairs

A
  • vellus hairs (fine)
  • intermediate (limbs)
  • terminal (coarse)
32
Q

What is club hair?

A

Hair that does not grow anymore, in “rest” phase for about 3 months.

Anatomy 200 (11 decks)

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