Integumentary System Flashcards
0
Q
Connective Membranes
A
- various connective tissues, no epithelial
- synovial membranes link joint capsules
- smooth, slick, secrete thick, colourless lubricating fluid
- synovial fluid
- reduces friction between bones
- line bursae (small cushion-like sacs between moving parts)
1
Q
Epithelial Membranes
A
- composed of epithelial tissue and underlying connective tissue
- cutaneous-skin, exposed to air
- serous
- line body cavities (parietal) and cover organs (visceral)
- pleura (thoracic cavity)
- peritoneum (abdominal cavity)
- secretes thin, watery fluid to reduce friction
- mucous
- line surfaces open to exterior
- secrete mucus, keeping membranes moist and soft
2
Q
Epidermis
A
- outer layer stratified squamous
- capable of keratinizing (becoming hard and tough)
- composed of 5 layers (strata)
- Basale (inside) (germinativum)
- Spinosum
- Granulosum
- Lucidum
- Corneum (outside)
- avascular
- basale has melanocytes that produce pigment melanin
3
Q
Dermis
A
- deeper, thicker, mostly connective tissue
- papillary layer
- contains dermal papillae that anchor layers together
- forms ridges and improves grip
- reticular layer
- deeper dense network of interlacing fibers
- collagen gives toughness
- network of nerves processes sensory info
4
Q
Hypodermis
A
- aka subcutaneous tissue
- not really part of skin
- anchors skin to underlying organs
- protects from bumps and extreme temperatures
- adipose tissue deep in dermis
5
Q
Hair
A
- follicles already present at birth
- cells of epidermal layer grow down into dermis forming follicles
- papilla
- at base of follicle, if still there, hair will grow
- root lives hidden in follicle
- shaft is visible part
- arrector pili
- involuntary muscle, pulls hair erect
6
Q
Receptors
A
- Meissner (tactile) corpuscule
- superficial, detects light touch
- Pacini (Lamellar) corpuscule
- deep, detects deep pressure
- free nerve endings respond to pain
- Bulboid Corpuscules (Krause end bulbs)
- detect low frequency vibration
7
Q
Nails
A
- produced by cells in dermis, fill with Keratin and become hard and plate-like
- nail body is visible part
- Root lies in groove, hidden by cuticle
- Lunula is the white area, crescent-shaped
8
Q
Glands
A
- Sudoriferous (sweat)
- Eccrine
- Apocrine
- Sebaceous (oil)
9
Q
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
A
- eccrine
- produce perspiration
- elimination of wastes, maintain body temperature
- pores are outlets of small ducts
- apocrine
- axilla and genitals
- thicker secretions, begin at puberty
10
Q
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
A
- secrete oil for hair and skin, keeps moist
- ducts open into hair follicles
- secrete sebum (oil)
11
Q
Functions of Integument
A
1) Protection
- first line of defence against physical tears/cuts
- Keratin protects against excessive fluid loss
2) Temp Regulation
- when sweat evaporates heat is lost
- more blood flow than needed, enables regulation
3) Sense Organs
- nerve endings as receivers
- detect light touch and deep pressure
4) Excretion
- regulate sweat, control fluid volume and waste
5)Vitamin D Synthesis
12
Q
Rule of Nines
A
- divides body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of total body surface area
- additional 1% is area surrounding genitals
- used to estimate loss of body fluids containing proteins and electrolytes
- dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can occur because of burn
13
Q
Partial Thickness Burns
A
1st Degree Burns
- minor discomfort, some reddening
- no blistering, minimal tissue damage
2nd Degree Burns
- deep epidermal layers and upper dermis affected
- blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling, fluid loss
14
Q
Full Thickness Burns
A
3rd Degree Burns
- destruction of epidermis and dermis
- tissue death extends below into subcutaneous
- involves muscle and sometimes bone
- no pain due to nerve damage
