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VAP > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of skin? (7)

A

protection from injury, infection, over-hydration, parasites, predators; thermoregulation; sensation; gland secretion (mammary gland); patterning; movement; economic

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2
Q

What does the hypodermis/subcutis develop from?

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

What does trunk/limb dermis develop from?

A

mesoderm-> somites-> dermatome

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4
Q

What do melanocytes and facial dermis develop from?

A

neural crest

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5
Q

what does the epidermis develop from?

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

what is hypodermis made of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat

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7
Q

what clinical things is hypodermis the site of? (3)

A

emphysema (gas build-up), oedema (fluid build-up), subcutaneous injection

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8
Q

Describe adipocytes

A

Cells most able to change size (at least x10), have large lipid droplet vacuole surrounded by thin layer of very metabolically active cytoplasm

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9
Q

what is the function of white adipose tissue?

A

storage

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10
Q

what is the function of brown adipose tissue?

A

thermogenesis

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11
Q

what does brown adipose tissue have a lot of?

A

mitochondria

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12
Q

describe the dermis

A

tough interwoven matrix of collagen and elastin with blood and nerve supply, important in injury as causes gaping of wounds due to elasticity

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13
Q

what is the dermis called in the hoof and horn?

A

corium

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14
Q

what is the epidermis made of?

A

4 layers of stratified squamous cells: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

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15
Q

describe stratum basale

A

folded and germinal

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16
Q

describe stratum spinosum

A

shrunken, retain desmosomes between cells

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17
Q

describe stratum granulosum

A

has keratinisation

18
Q

describe stratum corneum

A

has shrunken nuclei and lots of keratin, surface layer of skin, shed into environment as squames

19
Q

how thick is epidermis on flank?

A

20 um

20
Q

how thick is epidermis on nose?

A

600 um

21
Q

how thick is epidermis on pads?

A

1800 um

22
Q

does epidermis have direct blood supply?

A

no

23
Q

is epidermis innervated?

A

only by very tips of sensory nerves

24
Q

what are melanins?

A

polymers of indoles with side chains

25
Q

what are the two types of melanin?

A

eumelanin (black/brown) and phaeomelanin (red/yellow)

26
Q

what does the pad of a dog paw have?

A

conical papillae

27
Q

what are melanocytes derived from?

A

neural crest

28
Q

what are melanocytes stimulated by?

A

melanocyte stimulating hormones α,β,γ

29
Q

how does UV light lead to increased melanogenesis?

A

causes DNA damage leading to pyrimidine fragments

30
Q

what muscle in the ectoderm contracts the hair follicle?

A

arrector pili muscle

31
Q

what is the technical term for whiskers?

A

vibrissae

32
Q

what are the types of sebaceous gland? (3)

A

simple, specialised, scent

33
Q

what is the function of simple sebaceous glands?

A

secrete sebum/lanolin which keeps skin pliable, waterproof and water repellent

34
Q

what glands secrete ear wax?

A

ceruminous (specialised sebaceous)

35
Q

what scent glands do ruminants have? (4)

A

caudal horn, preorbital, interdigital, inguinal

36
Q

what scent glands do pigs have?

A

preputial and carpal

37
Q

what scent glands do rabbits have?

A

inguinal and chin

38
Q

what scent glands do carnivores have? (5)

A

dorsal tail (dog), circumoral (cat), circumanal, paranal, anal

39
Q

what are the paranal sacs called?

A

anal glands

40
Q

what are the types of sweat glands?

A

apocrine, mammary, eccrine, venom

VAP (10 decks)

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