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ANAPHY > INTEGUMENTARY > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest system of the body (66%)

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

Give functions of integumentary

A

Protection (abrasion, ultraviolet light, etc)
 sensation
 Production of Vitamin D (calcium synthesis)
 Thermoregulation (sweat glands)
 Excretion

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3
Q

it refers to subject to injury e.g. wound or lesion

A

Abrasion

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4
Q

The ability to interpret stimuli

A

sensation

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5
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur

A

liver

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6
Q

What are the two components of the skin

A

skin itself and skin derivatives/accessories

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7
Q

Three types of skin derivatives

A

hair, nail, and glands

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8
Q 
 Outermost; stratified squamous 
 Inner layer very active in mitosis 
 Keratinization – keratin production 
 Outermost layer are dead rigid cells 
 Permeability barrier 
 Resists abrasion 
 avascular
A

Epidermis

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9
Q

It means no blood vessel present

A

avascular

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10
Q

Where do you usually see most of the keratin present?

A

toes, elbows, scrotal sac, palm, sole

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11
Q

Give the anatomy of epidermis starting from the dead cells

A

dead cells > stratum corneum > stratum lucidum > stratum granulosum > stratum spinosum > stratum basale (stratum germinatium) > dermis

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12
Q

part of the anatomy of epidermis where it contains the sensory receptor

A

stratum spinosum

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13
Q

part of anatomy of epidermis where the cells are actively dividing or in a mitotic division

A

Stratum basale

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14
Q

Part of anatomy of epidermis where melanocytes are stored

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

 The inner layer of the skin

 has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and smooth muscle.

A

Dermis

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16
Q

thin upper layer or dermis called the____, and a thick lower layer called the____

A

papillary dermis ; reticular dermis.

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17
Q

T or F

Papillary dermis contains blood vessels

A

T

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18
Q

It resists the stretch

A

Papillae/ cleavage lines

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19
Q

Why do doctors look for the cleavage lines when performing incision?

A

Because it reduces blood

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20
Q

Intradermal injection: ____
◦ Subcutaneous injection: ____
◦ Intramuscular injection: _____
Intravenous: blood transfusion

A

◦ Intradermal injection (tuberculin skin test)
◦ Subcutaneous injection (insulin)
◦ Intramuscular injection (vaccines, antibiotics)

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21
Q

 Also known as the hypodermis
 innermost layer of skin
 fats and Adipose tissues
 blood vessels and nerves
 acts as an insulator to help regulate body temperature
 Attachment to underlying bones and muscle

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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22
Q

If the cuticle is the outer covering for hair shaft, what about the medulla and cortex?

A

medulla is the middle layer while cortex is the inner layer

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23
Q

Hair is more concentrated in?

A

Genital area, axillary area, and scalp

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24
Q

This excrets sebum to make the hair only

A

Sebaceous gland

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25
Q

T or F

Hair papilla does not contain blood vessel

A

F

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26
Q

are small muscles attached to hair follicles. Contraction of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end –GOOSE BUMPS

A

arrector pili muscles

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27
Q

▪ protect, condition and cool your skin surface.

▪ secrete an oily substance into the hair follicles of your skin

A

Simple sebaceous glands

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28
Q

Where do skin glands located?

A

Located in dermis portion of the skin/ reticular layer

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29
Q

This secretes sweat to thermorelugate

A

Sweat gland

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30
Q

What type of cells are found in sebaceous gland

A

Simple cuboidal cells

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31
Q

What are the importance of nails clinically?

A

If it turns gray, deterioration might occur and it can indicate if comatose will be occurring

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32
Q

protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertip, and surrounding soft tissues from injuries

A

Nail

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33
Q

It is a physiology of the skin that tackles:
◦ Prevents water loss
◦ Acts as barrier
◦ Against abrasion (underlying tissues)
◦ Damaging effects of UV light (melanin absorption)
◦ Hair as protective structure
◦ Nails – for defense

A

Protection

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34
Q

It is a physiology of the skin that tackles:

➢Receptors (pain, heat, cold, pressure)

A

Sensation

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35
Q

It is a physiology of the skin that tackles:
◦ Carried at the liver
◦ Ingest Vitamin D when insufficient
 Stimulates small intestine to absorb Ca & phosphate

A

Production of vitamin D

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36
Q

from what food can you usually obtain vitamin D?

A

 Eggs, milk, fish

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37
Q

It is a physiology of the skin that tackles:
➢Body temperature influences chemical reaction ➢Dilation of blood vessels in the dermis ➢Constriction of dermal blood vessels

A

Thermoregulation

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38
Q

It is a physiology of the skin that tackles:

Removal of waste products

A

Excretion

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39
Q

What are the waste products excreted from the skin?

A

Urea, uric acid ammonia (thru sweating)

40
Q

This is an aid to rule out certain disease

A

Diagnostic aid

41
Q

Give examples of diagnostic aid

A 
▪ Cyanosis 
▪ Jaundice 
▪ Blushing 
▪ Rashes 
▪ Inflammation 
▪ Allergy
42
Q

Injury to tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals electricity or radiation.

A

Burn

43
Q

It means death of a certain cell

A

necrosis

44
Q

T or F

Oxygen insufficiency can cause anaphylactic shock

A

T

45
Q

Blue-ish color might indicate oxygen is depleted

A

Cyanosis

46
Q

Yellowish, disorder by the liver

A

Jaundice

47
Q

Excessive production of the bile can lead to

A

Liver Cirrhosis

48
Q

Rubbing together of two surfaces

A

friction

49
Q

Formation of blockage

A

Venous Thrombosis

50
Q

What is the plural form of thrombus?

A

thrombi

51
Q

❑Formation of clot in a vein
❑Blocks normal blood flow resulting to tissue destruction
❑Loss of fluid
❑Liver releases increased amount of clotting factors

A

Venous Thrombosis

52
Q

Symptoms of burn

A 
➢Tissue damage (deeper tissue) 
➢Edema (swelling) 
➢Shock 
➢Microbial Infection
=Inflammation
53
Q

Why does microbial infection occur in burn skin?

A

Because it is exposed

54
Q

What are the treatments for burn

A

❖ I.V
❖High protein high calorie diet\
❖Antimicrobials
❖Skin grafts

55
Q

High protein high calorie diet is usually used while?

A

while recuperating (nagpapagaling)

56
Q

What are the burn classifications?

A

1st-degree, 2nd degree, third degree

57
Q

• Epidermis • Red • Painful • swelling

A

FIRST DEGREE BURN

58
Q

• Epidermis & Dermis • Blisters • Healing 2 wks • scar

A

SECOND DEGREE

59
Q

• Complete • Scar • A month

A

THIR DEGREE

60
Q

Fluid-like indicating lots of water was lost

A

Blisters

61
Q

how many percent for legs? (rules of 9)(ADULT)

A

9%

62
Q

how many percent for head and arms? (rules of 9)(ADULT)

A

4.5%

63
Q

how many percent for abdominal area? (rules of 9)(ADULT)

A

18%

64
Q

how many percent for genital area? (rules of 9)(ADULT)

A

1%

65
Q

T or F

The percentage for abdominal areas and arms are the same with pediatric and adults

A

T

66
Q

how many percent for head? (rules of 9) (PEDIATRIC)

A

9%

67
Q

how many percent for legs? (rules of 9)(PEDIATRIC)

A

7%

68
Q

DISORDER OF THE SKIN

➢Most common type ➢Prolonged exposure to UV rays

A

SKIN CANCER

69
Q

Types of skin cancer

A

➢Basal cell carcinoma ➢Squamous cell carcinoma ➢Malignant melanoma

70
Q

Cells in stratum basale undergo mutation

A

➢Basal cell carcinoma

71
Q

Melanocytes are being attacked by cancer cells

A

➢Malignant melanoma

72
Q

Example of fungal

A

➢ Ringworm ➢Dermatitis/Eczema ➢Psoriasis

73
Q

Example of bacterial

A

➢Impetigo ➢Bedsores/pressure sores

74
Q

Example of viral

A

❖Measles * cold sores ❖German measles * Herpes ❖Chicken pox

75
Q

This can treat fungal skin diseases

A

Topical medicine

76
Q

This can treat viral skin diseases

A

Vaccine

77
Q

herpes in the mouth

A

Herpes zoster

78
Q

What are the effects of aging on the integumentary system?

A

=skin more easily damaged because epidermis thins and amount of collagen decreases
=skin infections more like
=wrinkling occurs due to decrease in elastic fibers
=skin becomes drier
=decrease in blood supply causes poor ability to regulate body temperature
=functioning melanocytes decrease or increase; age spots
=sunlight ages skin more rapidly

79
Q

What is the best time to go under the sun?

A

6AM TO 9 AM

80
Q

what time does the highest radiation from the sun occurs?

A

10 AM ONWARDS

81
Q

is the primary organ of the integumentary system and is the largest organ of the body.

A

Skin

82
Q

is the basal (base) layer of the epidermis. It is the layer that’s closest to the blood supply lying underneath the epidermis. This layer is one of the most important layers of our skin since it contains the only cells of the epidermis that can divide via the process of mitosis, which means that skin cells germinate here,

A

stratum basale also called the stratum germinativum

83
Q

the most numerous cells of the epidermis called

A

Keratinocytes

84
Q

Keratinocytes produce the essential protein of the epidermis. This protein is called _____

A

Keratin

85
Q

makes our skin tough and provides us with much-needed protection from microorganisms, physical harm, and chemical irritation.

A

keratin

86
Q

A layer so-called because its cells are spiny-shaped. is partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility.

A

Stratum Spinosum

87
Q

This layer gets its name from the fact that the cells located here contain many granules. The keratinocytes produce a lot of keratin in this layer—they become filled with keratin(keratinization)

A

Stratum Granulosum

88
Q

is a layer that derives its name from the lucid (clear/transparent) appearance it gives off under a microscope. This layer is only easily found in certain hairless parts of our body, namely the palms of our hands and the soles of our feet: meaning, the places where our skin is usually the thickest.

A

stratum lucidum

89
Q

(the horny layer filled with cornified cells). This the only layer of skin we see with our eyes.

A

stratum corneum

90
Q

. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are called

A

corneocytes.

91
Q

are all exocrine glands that release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts

A

Cutaneous Glands

92
Q

a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair.

A

Sebaceous Gland

93
Q

are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.

A

sweat glands

94
Q

sweat gland is also known as

A

sudoriferous glands

95
Q

is a recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin. Albinos have fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes.

A

ALBINISM

96
Q

are lines develop when a person increases in size quite rapidly.

A

Stretch marks -

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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