Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY > HISTOLOGY > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the seven classifications of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple squamus, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, and transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A 
Covers & protects surfaces 
 Support and attachment 
 Movement and locomotion 
 Transport of materials (blood tissue) 
 Secretion 
 Absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

single layer • Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

multi layer • squamous • keratinized • cuboidal • Columnar

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

columnar(illusion)

A

Pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cuboidal to clumnar

A

Transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is a type of epithelium tissue that can mostly be found in the epidermis, lining/walls intestine, and respiratory tract

A

Simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the description and function of simple squamous?

A

Flat/scale-like and its responsible for diffusion, osmosis, and gas exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

this is where the simple squamus is located

A

Alveolar walls, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the description and function of simple cuboidal?

A

cube-like. Secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

this is where the simple cuboidal is located

A

Walls of respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the description and function of simple columnar?

A

It’s tall and thin. It is responsible for absorption and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this is where the simple columnar is located

A

lining of digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the description and function of stratified squamous?

A

It is several layers of flattened cells. it can be keratinized or non keratinized. Its function is protection deals with friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this is where the stratified squamous is located

A

Epidermis, mouth throat, esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal?

A

secretion, absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

this is where the stratified cuboidal is located

A

Kidney, tubules, thyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar?

A

It it for protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

this is where the stratified columnar is located

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the description and function of pseudostratified?

A

Tall, thin ciliated. Responsible for mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

this is where the pseudostratified is located

A

Nasal cavity, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the description and function of transitional?

A

The shape of the cell is stratified cuboidal. It is cuboidal if it’s not stretched. It is squamous when stretched. It controls volume of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this is where the transitional is located

A

Urinary bladder, ureter, urethra`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Secretory organs

Epithelial in nature

A

Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

type of gland that has ducts and can be found in lining of the stomach

A

Exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

type of gland that has no ducts and can be found in the endocrine system. Responsible for secretion of hormones

A

Endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Producing and releasing secretions

A

Glandular Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 Main Types of glandular epithelium

A

Merocrine (Ex. Salivary glands)
◦ Apocrine (mammary glands)
◦ Holocrine (Sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Give exocrine gland types (simple)

A

tubular, branched tubular, coiled tubular, branched alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Give exocrine gland types (compound)

A

tubular and alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

give endocrine gland types

A

pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries, testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Give the function of connective tissue

A

= Enclosure and separation of structures
❖ support and movement
❖ Storage of compounds (fats)
❖ Cushion(shock absorber) and insulation (thermoregulation)
❖ Transport of materials
❖ Protecting (the immune system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When did connective tissue begins?

A

It begins embryonic stage (3rd-4th week)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS

A 
Fibroblasts (fibrin, rebind, renew) 
❑ Fibrocytes
 ❑Osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoblasts ❑Chondroblasts, chondrocytes 
❑ macrophages (“large eaters”) 
❑ Mast cells (secrete histamine, heparin) 
❑ Lymphocytes (making antibodies) 
❑ Adipocytes (adipose tissue) 
❑ Melanocytes (skin pigmentation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

It is a cell of connective tissue that is responsible for bone development

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

White blood cells is consideres as ___

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Primitive cells to develop cartilage

A

Chondrocytes (cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

responsible for repairing damage or wound

A

fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

fat cells deposited to skin

A

adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A bundle of protein units that are slightly flexible , but very strong, typically arranged in one direction. ➢Ex. tendons

A

Collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

➢Bundle of protein units that are VERY FLEXIBLE ➢Still strong
➢Ex. Intervertebral disc, joints
multi-directional

A

Elastic Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

➢same subunits as collagen but not in one direction

➢Ex. liver

A

Reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Give the four classification of connective tissue

A

=Loose
=Dense
=Supporting connective tissue
=Fluid connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Classification of connective tissue that has (fewer fibers more matrix)

A

Loose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Areolar ; ____
❑Adipose :____
❑Reticular : ____

A

Areolar – bone cells ❑Adipose – dermis of skin ❑Reticular – lymphatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Classification of connective tissue that has (more fibers, less matrix, ground substance)

A

Dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

these are under dense connective tissue

A

regular collagenous
❑ regular elastic
❑Irregular collagenous ❑Irregular elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

It is a classification of connective tissue responsible for attachment and movement.

A

Supporting Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

give types of cartilage

A

❑Hyaline ❑Fibrocartilage ❑Elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

give types of bone

A

=Spongy

= Compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Under this classification of connective is blood and has a hematopoietic function. It has more fibers, less ground substance

A

Fluid Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the fluid portion of blood?

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

It is the ability to produce blood cells

e.g. bone marrow

A

hematopoietic function

55
Q

T or F

Adipose can also be found in mamary

A

T

56
Q

T or F

Fibrocartilage is not present in the intervertebral disc

A

F

57
Q

T or F

You can find areolar in the dermis area

A

T

58
Q

Give the function of Loose Areolar Connective tissue

A

Support and nourishment

59
Q

Give the location of Loose Areolar Connective tissue

A

Glands, muscles, nerves

60
Q

Give the function of Loose Adipose Connective tissue

A

Thermal insulator • Energy storage

61
Q

Give the location of Loose Adipose Connective tissue

A

Subcutaneous areas, mesenteries

62
Q

Give the function of Loose Reticular Connective tissue

A

Provides attachment for lymphatic tissues

63
Q

Give the location of Loose Reticular Connective tissue

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

64
Q

Give the function of Dense Regular Collagenous Connective tissue

A

Withstand great pulling forces due to tension strength & stretch resistance

65
Q

Give the location of Dense Regular Collagenous Connective tissue

A

=Tendons, •
=ligaments,
• dermis,
• organ capsule

66
Q

Give the function of Dense Regular Elastic Connective tissue

A

Stretching & recoiling like rubber band in the direction of fiber orientation

67
Q

Give the location of Dense Regular Elastic Connective tissue

A

Elastic ligaments
▪ Vertebrae
▪ Vocal cords
▪ Blood vessel

68
Q

It is a type of cartilage that has semi solid matrix

A

hyaline

69
Q

Give the function of hyaline

A 
Bone growth 
▪ Rigidity
 ▪ Articulation 
▪ Strong support 
▪ flexibility
70
Q

Give the location of hyaline

A

▪ Long Bones, cartilage, joints ligaments

▪ Embryonic skeleton

71
Q

It is a type of cartilage that has more collagen

A

Fibrocartilage

72
Q

Give the function of fibrocartilage

A

▪ Withstands compression

▪ Resists pulling or tearing forces

73
Q

Give the location of fibrocartilage

A

▪ Intervertebral disc

▪ knees

74
Q

It is a type of cartilage that contains elastic fiber

A

elastic

75
Q

Give the function of elastic cartilage

A

Ability to recoil to original shape when bent.

76
Q

Give the location of elastic cartilage

A

External ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis

77
Q

It is a type of bone that has solid matrix mineralized

A

Spongy

78
Q

Give the function of spongy bone

A 
Strength 
▪ Rigidity 
▪ Support 
▪ Protection 
▪ movement
79
Q

Give the location of spongy and compact bones

A

All bones of the body

80
Q

It is a type of bone that is more solid;mineralized

A

Compact Bone

81
Q

Give the function of compact bone

A

Attachment for muscles & ligaments

▪ movement

82
Q

Give the function of blood

A

Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, waste products

▪ Protection against infection ▪ thermoregulation

83
Q

Give the location of blood

A

Within blood vessels, WBC

84
Q

Two types of Hematopoietic tissue

A

Red marrow and yellow marrow

85
Q

Give the function of Hematopoietic tissue

A

Production of blood cells & platelets ▪ Produces fats, cartilage & bones

86
Q

Give the location of Hematopoietic tissue

A

Bone marrow

87
Q

What are the functions of muscle tissue

A

Contraction & relaxation
➢ Movement and locomotion
➢ Attachment and connection to bones
➢ Leverage and balance

88
Q

TYPES of Muscle Tissue

A

❑ Skeletal
❑ Cardiac
❑ Smooth

89
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle

A
  • Striated
  • Multinucleated
  • Cells – long and cylindrical
90
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary movement

91
Q

What is the location of skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones, ligaments

tendons

92
Q

What is the structure of cardiac muscle

A
  • Striated
  • Cylindrical
  • Single nucleus
  • branched
93
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle

A
  • Involuntary control

* Pumps the blood

94
Q

What is the location of cardiac muscle

A

heart

95
Q

• Non-striated • Tapered at the end • mononucleated

A

Smooth muscle

96
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle

A
  • Involuntary
  • Regulates organ size
  • Goosebumps
  • Controls amount light entering the eye
97
Q

What is the location of smooth muscle

A

▪ Stomach, intestines skin, eyes

98
Q

move or stabilize the position of the skeleton; guard entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; generate heat; and protect internal organs

A

Skeletal muscles

99
Q

Moves blood and maintains blood pressure

A

Cardiac muscle

100
Q

It moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions; controls diameter of respiratory passageways and regulates diameter of blood vessels

A

Smooth muscle

101
Q

Forms brain, spinal cord and nerves.

A

Nervous Tissue

102
Q

What are the functions of nervous tissue

A

➢ coordination/control of body activities
➢ reception of stimuli
➢Transmission of electrical nerve impulses to and from the brain
➢Integration and communication
➢Stores information

103
Q

(parts of Neuron) Site of general cell functions

A

Cell body

104
Q

➢ Receptor of stimuli
➢ Action Potential (electrical signals)
➢ Sending of information down the axon

A

Dendrites

105
Q

▪ Transmits
▪ Integrates
▪ evaluates data
▪store information

A

Neuron

106
Q

location of neuron

A

brain, spinal cord, ganglia, peripheral Nervous

107
Q

This is a part of a neuron that communicates with other dendrites

A

Axon terminal

108
Q

This is longer than dendrites. transmission of axon potential

A

Axon

109
Q

It protects and insulates the neurons

A

Myelin sheath

110
Q

It is the point of connection between an axon and a dendrite

=Synaptic point

A

Synapse

111
Q

Localized physical condition where part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, painful and disturbed due to reaction to injury or infection.

A

Inflammation

112
Q

What is the medical treatment for inflammation

A

RICE.

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

113
Q

Why do we use ice for treatement?

A

to enable constriction of the blood vessels. the blood will be interrupted (to stop bleeding)

114
Q

T or F

The more dilated the blood vessels are, more blood will flow

A

T

115
Q

Give the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function

116
Q

Prolonged infection / inflammatory response
 Healing process is interfered
 Tissues severely damaged (cells die)
 Inhibits synthesis, release and action of chemical mediators of inflammation
 Drug intervention is needed

A

Chronic inflammation

117
Q

What are the drugs needed for chronic inflammation?

A

Antihistamine, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

118
Q

What are the two types of inflammation?

A

Acute & Chronic

119
Q

(TYPE OF INFLAMMATION)
=short duration-few minutes to days
=protein exudate
=neutrophils predominate

A

Acute

120
Q 
(TYPE OF INFLAMMATION)
=days to years
=mainly macrophages and lymphocytes
=proliferation of blood vessels, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis
=fewer neutrophils
A

Chronic

121
Q

How do you distinguish acute versus chronic inflammation?

A

by the duration and the type of infiltrating inflammatory cells

122
Q

Give three examples for acute illnesses

A

cough, cold, sleeplessness, flu

123
Q

Give three examples for chronic diseases

A

cancer, AIDS, kidney disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, alzheimer’s, Prakinson’s, Sarcadosis

124
Q

regenerative medicine
 promotes the repair response of injured tissue using stem cells.
 Substitute for organ transplantation, uses cells instead of donor organs
 replace neurons damaged by spinal cord injury, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or other neurological problems;
 produce insulin that could treat people with diabetes and heart muscle cells that could repair damage after a heart attack.

A

stem cell therapy

125
Q

Wound healing steps

A

Homeostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling

or

Bleeding, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling

126
Q

(INFLAMMATORY)

About 1 week, a ___ is present And new epidermis is growing

A

scab

127
Q

(Proliferative)

About 2 weeks, fibroblasts formed ____

A

granulation tissue

128
Q

About 1 month wound completely closed, granulation tissue being replace by new connective tissue

A

Remodeling

129
Q

A stem cell can become any one of the ___ different cells in the body

A

220

130
Q

these organs can benefit from stem cell:

A

Kidney, genitalia, liver, heart, lungs, brain

131
Q

Give some effects of aging on tissues

A

=cells divide more slowly
=collagen become more irregular in structure, though they may increase in number
=elastic fibers fragment, bind to calcium ions, and become less elastic (arterial walls and elastic ligaments become less elastic)
=Rate of blood cell synthesis decline in the elderly
=injuries don’t heal as readily

132
Q

Changes in collages and elastin result in:

A
  • atherosclerosis(the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls )and reduced blood supply to tisses
  • wrinkling of the skin
  • increased tendency for bones to break
133
Q

are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, such as histamine, that promote inflammation.

A

mast cells

134
Q

consists of nonfibrous molecule and it is the shapeless background against which cells and collagen fibers can be seen when using a light microscope.

A

Ground substance

ANAPHY (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions