Integument Flashcards
Three categories of hair
- Primary or Guard hairs
- Secondary or Wool Hairs
- Tactile or Sinus Hairs
The three layers of skin
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
Two types of sweat glands and the difference between them
- Eccrine Gland - Empties onto the surface
- Apocrine Gland - Empties into a hair follicle
Where are sebaceous glands not found?
paw pads and planum nasale
Principal cells found in the Epidermis
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel, and Langerhans cells
The 4 types of tissue
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
The part of the hair that is visible above the skin is called the ________, and the portion of the buried within the skin is called the _______.
Shaft & Root
Name the layers of the epidermis from deepest to superficial
Stratum Basale, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Lucidum
What is pruritus
Itchiness
What are 6 functions of skin?
- Protect, cover and line.
- Filter biochemical substances.
- Absorb nutrients
- Provide sensory input
- Manufacture secretions
- Manufacture excretions
Made of 4-5 layers
Epidermis
Only found in thick skin
Stratum Lucidium
Cells give up vital organelles and nuclei to make room for Which tough, protective substance.
keratin
At the epidermal-dermal junction which cells found in small numbers are always associated with a sensory nerve
Merkel Cells
What layer lies just beneath the epithelial layer of the epidermis and is composed of loose conective tissue with loosely woven fibers and ground substance.
Papillary layer
Where can simple epithelium be found?
Protected areas: internal compartments, ducts, vessels, and passageways.
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Areas where cells must reproduce rapidly: vagina, mouth, anus.
What is the top of a dog’s nose also known as?
Planum nasale
What are the 3 types of cellular junctions found between epithelial cells?
- Tight junction
- Desmosomes
- Gap Junctions
Name 4 glands of the skin
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
- Tail Glands
- Anal Sacs
What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle?
Smooth muscle
What are tail glands thought to assist with?
Recognition and identification of other animals
What glands are found in the external ear canal of dogs?
Apocrine sweat glands
what are the 3 layers of hair
outer layer- cuticle
middle layer - cortex
intermost layer - medulla
what muscle makes the hair stand up
arrector pilli muscle
what kind of muscle is the arrector pilli
smooth muscle
The skin is responsible for the production of which vitamin?
Vitamin D
Which gland produces sebum?
Sebaceous
What 2 layers is the dermis composed of ?
Papillary and Reticular
Why does hair turn grey or white as animals age?
Melanin production decreases. The cortex loses its pigment entirely and the medulla becomes filled with air.
The period of transition between the anagen and telogen phase is called?
The catagen phase
What causes pigmentation of skin?
The presence or absence of melanin granules in the armlike extensions in the melanocytes.
What waterproofs the skin and gives it strength?
Keratinocytes
Where are keratinocytes found?
Stratum Basale
Superficial layer of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum
Composed of areolar tissue containing adipose, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Hypodermis
What cells are produced in the bone marrow?
Langerhans Cells
What cell is associated with sensory nerve endings?
Merkel Cells
Name the principle cells found in the Epidermis?
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells.
Where is the pacinian corpuscle located?
The hypodermis
What protects the keratinocytes from UV radiation?
Melanin
