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Anatomy & Physiology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Three categories of hair

A
  1. Primary or Guard hairs
  2. Secondary or Wool Hairs
  3. Tactile or Sinus Hairs
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1
Q

The three layers of skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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2
Q

Two types of sweat glands and the difference between them

A
  1. Eccrine Gland - Empties onto the surface
  2. Apocrine Gland - Empties into a hair follicle
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3
Q

Where are sebaceous glands not found?

A

paw pads and planum nasale

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4
Q

Principal cells found in the Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel, and Langerhans cells

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5
Q

The 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

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7
Q

The part of the hair that is visible above the skin is called the ________, and the portion of the buried within the skin is called the _______.

A

Shaft & Root

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8
Q

Name the layers of the epidermis from deepest to superficial

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Lucidum

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9
Q

What is pruritus

A

Itchiness

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10
Q

What are 6 functions of skin?

A
  1. Protect, cover and line.
  2. Filter biochemical substances.
  3. Absorb nutrients
  4. Provide sensory input
  5. Manufacture secretions
  6. Manufacture excretions
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11
Q

Made of 4-5 layers

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

Only found in thick skin

A

Stratum Lucidium

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13
Q

Cells give up vital organelles and nuclei to make room for Which tough, protective substance.

A

keratin

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14
Q

At the epidermal-dermal junction which cells found in small numbers are always associated with a sensory nerve

A

Merkel Cells

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15
Q

What layer lies just beneath the epithelial layer of the epidermis and is composed of loose conective tissue with loosely woven fibers and ground substance.

A

Papillary layer

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16
Q

Where can simple epithelium be found?

A

Protected areas: internal compartments, ducts, vessels, and passageways.

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17
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?

A

Areas where cells must reproduce rapidly: vagina, mouth, anus.

18
Q

What is the top of a dog’s nose also known as?

A

Planum nasale

19
Q

What are the 3 types of cellular junctions found between epithelial cells?

A
  1. Tight junction
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
20
Q

Name 4 glands of the skin

A
  1. Sebaceous glands
  2. Sweat glands
  3. Tail Glands
  4. Anal Sacs
21
Q

What type of muscle is the arrector pili muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

22
Q

What are tail glands thought to assist with?

A

Recognition and identification of other animals

23
Q

What glands are found in the external ear canal of dogs?

A

Apocrine sweat glands

24
Q

what are the 3 layers of hair

A

outer layer- cuticle

middle layer - cortex

intermost layer - medulla

25
Q

what muscle makes the hair stand up

A

arrector pilli muscle

26
Q

what kind of muscle is the arrector pilli

A

smooth muscle

27
Q

The skin is responsible for the production of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

28
Q

Which gland produces sebum?

A

Sebaceous

29
Q

What 2 layers is the dermis composed of ?

A

Papillary and Reticular

30
Q

Why does hair turn grey or white as animals age?

A

Melanin production decreases. The cortex loses its pigment entirely and the medulla becomes filled with air.

31
Q

The period of transition between the anagen and telogen phase is called?

A

The catagen phase

32
Q

What causes pigmentation of skin?

A

The presence or absence of melanin granules in the armlike extensions in the melanocytes.

33
Q

What waterproofs the skin and gives it strength?

A

Keratinocytes

34
Q

Where are keratinocytes found?

A

Stratum Basale

35
Q

Superficial layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum

36
Q

Composed of areolar tissue containing adipose, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

Hypodermis

37
Q

What cells are produced in the bone marrow?

A

Langerhans Cells

38
Q

What cell is associated with sensory nerve endings?

A

Merkel Cells

39
Q

Name the principle cells found in the Epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells.

40
Q

Where is the pacinian corpuscle located?

A

The hypodermis

41
Q

What protects the keratinocytes from UV radiation?

A

Melanin

Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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