INTEGRATIVE CARE 10/8b Principles of Measurement Flashcards

1
Q

questions of measurement

A
  • how good is it?

- what can I get out of it?

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2
Q

levels of measurements

A

counting

mathematical

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3
Q

counting measurements

A
  • nominal (names): putting a person in a “bin” (sex, falls risk/not falls risk, race insurance, medications, frequencies, tallies, counts, percentage, mode, bar graph)
  • ordinal: bins that have order (MMT, Fim scale for assistance, BMI, amount of comorbidities, all of nominal, central tendency is mode and median, range, bar graphs, pie charts)
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4
Q

mathematical measurements

A
  • interval: has order and equal intervals (weight, can have a negative measurement, all ordinal, mean, standard dev, can create MDC)
  • ratio: has order, interval, and true 0 (TUG, ROM, Goniometry, Heart Rate, VO2max, 6MWT, all can have a negative measurement, all ordinal, mean, standard dev, can create MDC)
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5
Q

how do SEM and MDC get calculated

A
  • measurement error from reliability coefficients/ICC

- MDC from SEM and CI

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6
Q

measurement of error SEM

A
  • every measurement has error
  • the error can be caused by the patient, the PT the environment, or the instrument
  • we use SEM to get a CI around any measurment
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7
Q

Confidence interval

A

fuzzball around every measurement that puts a number on all of the errors that could happen
95%CI = X +/- ~2SEM
-Need SEM to get this

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8
Q

MDC

A
  1. From SEM and CI
  2. continuous (interval or ratio) data and precision (accuracy, resolution)
    - Digital: important for rounding
    - Analog: measure as precisely as we can to reduce error
    - Measure HR (in 60s - precise in the level of bpm; in 30s - precise in the level of 2bpm)
    - MDC95 = (CiM95 x SqRt 2) x SEM
  3. MDC is dependent on SEM (based on average variability expected around a measurement)
    - var in patient perf
    - var in measurement process
  4. specific to ptnt population receiving the measurment
  5. MCID = smallest chane that would be important to a patient
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9
Q

Reliability

A
  • a value that quantifies the consistency of a tool
  • necessary, but not sufficient for a measure to be valid/accurate
  • test-retest reliability assumes that multiple measures of an unvarying characteristic should be equal
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10
Q

reliability coefficients

A

ICC = Intraclass Correlation Coefficient

  • 0.8 or higher is good, 1 is the best it can be
  • not super reliable, should include SEMs, SDs, and MDCs because ICCs can be deceiving
  • ICC= (variability between subjects - variability within subjects)/variability between subjects
  • want a more variable group to get a higher ICC number
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11
Q

1s vs ks and 2 vs 3 in ICC

A

1 (just measured once) vs k (measured multiple tiems and took an average)
2 (generalizable) vs 3 (done with extreme training and intra-rater reliability)

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12
Q

Inter rater

A

between raters

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13
Q

intra rater

A

a single rater

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