INTEGRATIVE CARE 10/25b Health Care Delivery Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Access

A

means by which someone can receive healthcare or healthcare services

access to healthcare insurance

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2
Q

health insurance

A

the way people are getting reimbursed

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3
Q

Cost

A
  1. economic

2. financial

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4
Q

Financial cost

A
  1. financing: he flow of dollars (premiums or taxes) from individuals and employers to the health insurance plan (private health insurance or government programs).
  2. reimbursement
    The flow of dollars from insurance plans to hospitals and health care providers.
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5
Q

quality of HC

A

WHO definition:
The degree to which health care services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.

Cost Effective Analysis

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6
Q

What is the cost effective analysis

A

are you getting the most desired outcome for the right cost?

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7
Q

value based healtcare

A

value = (quality+outcomes)/cost

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8
Q

most important aspects of world health organization healthcare

A

access
cost
quality

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9
Q

bundled payment systems

A

rewarding better outcomes

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10
Q

why does the healthcare system charge so much money for procedures?

A

most practitioners get reimbursed through the set prices created by insurance companies and they make a percentage that they need to achieve to get the right reimbursement back

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11
Q

health related outcomes that show the quality and value of healthcare between different countries

A

look at per capita spend and determine:

life expectancy at birth
mortality < 5 years
Mortality 15-60 years

Not seeing significantly greater outcomes with increased cost

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12
Q

socialist health insurance progression from social to general taxation (communist)

A

socialist = universal healthcare
based on cashflow through taxes

GT = government completely funds healthcare - 3rd world countries

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13
Q

socialist economies

A

financing from more government, less employee, employer, and private person funding for healthcare

  • a lot more government influence
  • have to allocate resources to the common good
  • less motivation, physicians owned by government
  • availability of some private insurance
  • -Great Brittain has private payment for elective procedures (dependent on economy)
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14
Q

UK Healthcare

A

Socialist with availability of private insurance
Access:
-no employment relationship
-more waiting room time
-access is there, but opens door to reduced quality
Financing:
-reimbursement: hospitals owned by government
Quality:
-59% of 1000 pts rated system satisfactory

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15
Q

as a PT in the UK, what kind of employee are you?

A

government employee

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16
Q

Comprehensive health care

A

more private funding, less government funding

17
Q

Germany - comprehensive health care

A
  1. Financing: taxes go to non-profit sickness fund that gets distributed (similar to medicare and medicaid, but not run by the government)
  2. Access:
    - significant difference between hospital phys and outpatient phys;
    - 51% are generalists
  3. Quality coordination of care is very fragmented, but still very strong
18
Q

reimbursement in germany - comprehensive health care

A

DRG - being paid based on condition being treated for

+ global fee

19
Q

welfare healthcare model

A

canada

  • more private funded health insurances
    1. Finance:
  • financed completely by taxes (employee, not employers)
  • medicare pays for 70% of all health care
  1. Access:
    - 50% GPs
    - Speciality care has high pricing
    - wait time is longer
  2. reimbursement to healthcare professionals:
    - 9.9% of GDP because of hospital care
    - out of hospital services are paid by government funded programs
    - differentiate based on cost of living
  3. Quality:
    - wait time is the biggest detractor
    - GP decline and access has to be through GP, there is a greater demand than supply of physicians
    - 2.1 physicians to 1000 pts
20
Q

entrepreneurial healthcare system

A

United States is Closest

  • The United States stands out for being the sole advanced industrialized nation where health services are not assured for everyone
  • HHS in financing and managing health services is limited to government-initiated social and health benefit programs focused on helping the segment of the population least able to help themselves
21
Q

HHS

A

health and human services

branch of government that is responsible for the most healthcare related aspects of government

22
Q

financing for entrepreneurial healthcare system

A

health service system that has a large private (nongovernment) component and a slightly smaller public (government) component

23
Q

access for entrepreneurial healthcare system

A

Variety of ways
One of the few countries where you can bypass GP’s and see specialists.
Right to Choose

24
Q

quality for entrepreneurial healthcare system

A

US

  • lowest wait time for non-emergency care
  • based on larger demographics
  • spends the most amount of money on funding for patients
  • BUT, some of the poorest outcomes when compared to the cost
25
Q

why do you see more specialist physicians than GPs in entrepreneurial HC

A

the reimbursement is much higher

26
Q

why don’t people utilize insurance even in entrepreneurial healthcare systems

A

the cost is too much

27
Q

is perception of quality of care correlated to the amount spent on health care

A

NO, except in France

28
Q

what is france doing right with healthcare

A
  • Universal Healthcare System
  • 11.6% of GDP on healthcare
  • reimburse 70% of the healthcare costs and 100% for long term ailment
  • MANAGING CHRONIC CONDITIONS and making it an incentive for GPs to manage chronic conditions
  • Pay more for GPs than specialists to drive motivation (reimbursing more for preventative care)
  • specialists are reimbursed in full only if GP referred them
29
Q

OA

A
It represents the most common form of joint disease and disability in older people and ranks amongst the top 5 causes of disability
1. access: 
Financing
Reimbursement
2. cost
Direct Costs
Indirect Costs
Intangible Costs (inability to work)
3. quality
outcomes
30
Q

access - what is the most effective treatment for OA

A

4 different types of interventions

  1. Conservative
  2. Pharmacologic
  3. Procedural
  4. Surgical
31
Q

financing total joint replacement

A
  1. Germany - financing: tax payers pay and private reimburses
  2. UK - finance comes from government and employer/private; reimbursement depends on govn’t plan and procedure
  3. Canada - finances from taxes; reimbursement from government; procedure for access: primary care first
  4. US - financing and reimbursement depend on age, disability, and type of insurance
32
Q

Cost of OA

A

hip replacement comparison

  • US: $20k
  • Mexico: 2.5k

varies based on economy

33
Q

based on cost of OA, what is level of access and quality

A

for knee OA, depends on:

  • societal perspective (based on cost and disability vs outcome)
  • payer perspective (only include cost - shifting towards outcomes as well)
  • individual perspective (bring in outcomes)
34
Q

cost effectiveness approach

A
  1. takes different procedures for the same impairment/condition
  2. compare the same procedure between countries
  3. compare between settings (inpatient and outpatient)
35
Q

is there evidence to suggest exercise program before total knee replacement

A

cost perspective: costs more

outcomes: not good, longitudinal does not look promising with pre-rehab