EEI 10/24b Iontophoresis Flashcards
neutral atom
protons = electrons
positive ion
protons > electrons
negative ion
protons < electrons
solvent
breaks down solute
-saliva is a solvent and breaks down our food
electrophoresis
ionic movement according to the electrically charged current acting on it
positive ions
cations
negative ions
anions
cathode
negative electrode
lots of cations want to stick to it
anode
positive electrode
attracts negative
three main pathways for ionto
- Paracellular (between cells)
- Transcellular (through cells)
- Appendageal (along pores: hair follicles, sweat glands, etc)
positives for ionto rather than injection
- non-invasive
- less risk of infection
- more local/less systemic
define iontophoresis
use of low amplitude direct current to administed ionized medications across the skin
typical substances that travel on ionto
anti-inflammatories
local anesthetics
what is the typical current range of ionto device?
1-4 mA
drug delivery mechanisms
electrophoresis (main technique clinically)
electro-osmosis
electroporation
define electroporation
process by which a large transmembrane voltage temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer membranes, creating a “pore” through which molecules can pass
-within stratum corneum
electroosmosis
movement of a solvent, carrying with it other dissolved substances, through the skin under the influence of direct current
-same direction as the flow of counter ions
> at physiologic skin pH (~7); skin carries a negative charge, counter ions are positive