BIOMED 10/9b Joint Structure, Function, and Mechanobiology Flashcards
1
Q
define arthrology
A
study of the classification, structure, and function of joints
- movement occurs through sequenced rotations around the joints
- joint surfaces transfer and disperse internal and external forces
2
Q
classification of joints
A
- movement potential (how they move)
- synovial joitns based on mechanical analogy
3
Q
classification of joints based on movement potential
A
two main ways
- synarthroses
- diarthroses
4
Q
synarthroses classification of joints
A
- allows slight to no movement
- function is to transfer forces between bones
- two different kinds
1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
5
Q
fibrous joint definition
A
- synarthroses classification
- stabilized by dense connective tissue with high concentration of collagen
- baby’s skull has fibrous tissue between the bones that eventually fissures and comes together as they get older
- forearm (radius and ulna connected by interosseous membrane) syndesmosis is strong tissue with dense collagen that prevents those bones from being pulled apart
- shin
6
Q
purpose of syndesmosis
A
part of a fibrous joint
has a large surface area to transfer force to the other side that has a large surface area
7
Q
cartilaginous joint
A
- part of the synarthroses classification
- stabilized by flexible fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
- pubic symphysis joins two pubic joints of the pelvis together
- intervertebral discs: as a whole, the spine has a lot of motion because they’re added together, but not as one unit
8
Q
diarthroses definition
A
- allows moderate to extensive movement
- synovial joints are diarthroses
9
Q
what are the 7 main elements of all synovial joints?
A
- articular cartilage
- joint capsule
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- ligaments
- blood vessels
- sensory nerves
10
Q
what are other joint support elements of synovial joints?
A
- intra-articular discs or meniscus
- peripheral labrum
- fat pads
- bursae
- synovial plica
11
Q
what is articular cartilage?
A
- part of every synovial joint
- cartilage that covers the articular surface of the bone (typically the end)
- like a cap of low friction paint on the end of the bone
- gets chipped down with arthritis
- protects the end of teh bone
- has stiffness that allows for less damage at the end of the bone
- avascular and aneural
12
Q
what is the joint capsule
A
- part of every synovial joint
- has two main layers
1. visible = dense fibrous outer layer, innervated, tells about stretch
2. inner layer = synovial membrane (thin cerand wrap around join and creates synovial fluid); highly innervated with nociceptors and nerve fibers, often a PAIN GENERATOR
13
Q
synovial membrane
A
- inner layer of the joint capsule
- synovitis is inflammation of the synovium
- 3-10 cell layers thick
- creates synovial fluid
- highly innervated with nociceptors and nerve fibers
14
Q
synovial fluid
A
- part of every synovial joint
- contains hyalurornan and glycoproteins
- LUBRICATES the joint surfaces
- provides NOURISHMENT to articular cartilage
- as you move, you start to squeeze the fluid out
- with OA, the fluid gets thicker and gets more visocus because other biproducts of inflammation get into the fluid and make it thicker
15
Q
ligaments
A
- part of every synovial joint
- CT that attaches between joints
- prevent excessive joint movement
- 2 primary types
1. capsular (thickenings of joint capsule; cover a lot of SA because broad sheet; resist movement in multiple planes bc of wideness)
2. extracapsular (cordlike structure; partially or completely separate from joint capsule; may resist movement in 1 or 2 planes bc of small SA)
