Integ system examination

Question 1

skin function

Answer 1

maintains body fluid inside its boundary
protects tissues from harmful substance
synthesizes vit d
reg body temp
sensory organ

Question 2

order of skin

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous
appendages (hair etc.)

Question 3

Cuticle

Answer 3

white spot in nail
forms the seal between fold and plate

Question 4

jaundice

Answer 4

yellowish
liver disease pts
due to excessive bilirubin in blood
can also be due to bile duct blockage

Question 5

cyanosis

Answer 5

blueish in the lips etc

due to poor circulation or impaired oxoygen in blood

seen in pulm diseases , heart failure, cold, raynauds disease

Question 6

pallor

Answer 6

pale

can be due to illness, anemia, stress , use of chemical substances

Question 7

flush

Answer 7

reddish face and cheeks

caused by fever, alc consumption, increased body temp, medication, embarrassment, other skin disease, rosacea

Question 8

vitiligo

Answer 8

due to loss of melanin in skin

can affect people with any skin color

can be treated but not cured

Question 9

ecchymosis and erythema

Answer 9

looks like bruising and is caused by bleeding under skin

erythema is from too much blood flow

Question 10

skin moisture

Answer 10

sweating
dehydration
increased moisture can be seen in hyperthyroidism

Question 11

temp

Answer 11

warm or cold?

hyperthermia can be due to infection , trauma, or sunburn

Question 12

texture

Answer 12

smooth or rough?

hypothroidism -skin turns rough, dry and flaky

Question 13

mobility

Answer 13

decreased in presence of swelling
and in scars and scleroderma

Question 14

turgor

Answer 14

ability of skin to return to place when released
delayed turgor due to dehydration

this tests for dehydration and is seen in elderly

Question 15

pitting edema

Answer 15

1+ mild pitting , slight indent
2+ moderate pitting , identation subsides rapidly
3+ deep pitting, identation remains for short time (5-10 mm)
4+ very deep pitting, ident lasts long time (greater than 10 mm)

Question 16

ABCDE for skin cancer

Answer 16

assymetry
border
color
diameter
evolves

Question 17

lyme disease

Answer 17

bulls eye appearance

Question 18

spoon nails

Answer 18

curves due to hypochromic anemia

Question 19

paronychia

Answer 19

red swollen

due to fungal infection

Question 20

beaus line

Answer 20

transverse groove in nail

due to acute illness, trauma, toxic rx

Question 21

splinter hemorages

Answer 21

red brown streaks

occur with subacute bacterial endocariditis or due to minor trauma

Question 22

trophic changes

Answer 22

loss of hair , thin or flaky skin, thickened nails

common in patients with arterial deficits

Question 23

effects of aging on the skin

Answer 23

dermis thins
healing is slower
skin becomes fragile
reduction in number of hair follicles
decrease in sweat glands
decreased sensitivity

Question 24

late clubbing

Answer 24

proximal edge of nail elevates

seen in chronic obstructive pulm disease

Question 25

habit tic dystrophy

Answer 25

depression of middle nail or horizontal ridges

caused by continous picking of cuticle

Question 26

onycholitis

Answer 26

nail plate seperates from the nail bed

Question 27

pitting (nail)

Answer 27

crumbling of the nails

Question 28

What is in the dermis/

Answer 28

sebaceous glands
hair follicles
connective tissue

Question 29

what is in subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 29

fat
sweat glands
hair folliciles

Question 30

what lesion should be checked by primary care doctors?

Answer 30

Moles (nevus)