Instrumental and Operant conditioning Flashcards
1
Q
Instrumental
A
Thorndike
2
Q
Thorndike/ Instrumental
A
- Law of effect:
- response followed by satisfying consequence is strengthened and more likely to be repeated
- response followed by an annoying consequence is weakened and less likely to be repeated
3
Q
Operant
A
- B.F. Skinner
4
Q
B.F. Skinner/ Operant
A
- extended many of Thorndike’s ideas
- used two main instruments:
a) skinner box
b) maze - distinguishes between two types of behavior:
1) Respondent
2) Operant
5
Q
Respondent
A
- Stimulus elicits a response
- Focuses on the antecedents of the behavior
- Behavior studied in classical conditioning:
- pepper makes you sneeze
6
Q
Operant
A
- Stimulus emits a response
- Focuses on the consequences of behavior
- Behavior studied in operant conditioning:
- telephone ringing
7
Q
Reinforcement
A
increase in behavior
8
Q
Reinforcers
A
- stimulus or event that increases the frequency of a response
- stimulus was given or removed
9
Q
Punishment
A
decrease in behavior
10
Q
Positive reinforcement
A
- increase in behavior by giving something pleasant
- ex: clapping and cheering
11
Q
Negative reinforcement
A
- increase in behavior by removing something unpleasant
- ex: taking an aspirin for a headache
12
Q
Primary reinforcer
A
- stimuli that an organism naturally finds reinforcing
- satisfy a biological need
13
Q
Secondary reinforcer conditioned
A
- learned reinforcer
- learned through classical conditioning
- stimulus that acquires reinforcing properties through their association with a primary reinforcer (or another conditioned reinforcer)
14
Q
Positive reinforcer
A
pleasant stimulus that is given
15
Q
Negative reinforcer
A
the aversive stimulus that is removed or avoided
