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Psych > Exam 4 (Part 5) Consciousness > Flashcards

Exam 4 (Part 5) Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A
  • Ones moment to moment awareness of self and environment (outside world)
  • awareness of ones own mental activity like thoughts, feelings, and perceptions
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2
Q

New level of consciousness

A

Non-Conscious

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3
Q

Non-Conscious

A
  • some events can’t be experienced consciously and are totally removed from the conscious awareness
  • ex: you are not aware of your medulla regulating your blood pressure
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4
Q

Sleep

A
  • Most common altered state of consciousness
  • Active, complex state
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5
Q

Stages of sleep

A
  • Non-Rem
  • Rem
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6
Q

Non-Rem

A

Stage N1, Stage N2, Stage N3

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7
Q

Stage N1

A
  • Light sleep
  • Lasts 1-7 minutes
  • Easily awakened
  • Brainwaves become more irregular
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8
Q

Stage N2

A
  • Deeper level of sleep
  • Characterized by sleep spindles
  • Brief bursts of brainwave activity (1-2 seconds)
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9
Q

Stage N3

A
  • Deep sleep
  • Also called slow wave sleep
  • Deepest level
  • Delta waves dominate
    Difficult to wake
  • Groggy and confused
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10
Q

Sleep level order

A

N1-N2-N3-N2-Stage 1-REM

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11
Q

REM

A

Characterized by rapid eye movement and high arousal

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12
Q

Paradoxical sleep

A

The body is highly aroused, yet there is very little movement

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13
Q

REM sleep paralysis

A

Inability to move muscles during REM sleep

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14
Q

REM bound effect

A
  • Increase the amount of REM sleep after being deprived of sleep (REM sleep)
  • During the night, we go through 4-5 cycles of sleep, stage N3 decreases in length while REM periods increase in length as progress through cycles
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15
Q

As we age, sleep per day…

A

Decreases

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16
Q

Average hours for newborns

A

16 hours a day

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17
Q

Average hours for adulthood

A

7-8 hours a day

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18
Q

Average hours for elderly

A

6 hours a day

19
Q

Newborns spend how much time in REM

A

Half of their sleep

20
Q

Adults spend how much time in REM

A

Less than a quarter of their sleep

21
Q

Elderly spend how much time in REM

A

they spend less in N3 and REM and more in N2 and N1

22
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

23
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • Abrupt shift from an active, emotional waking state into REM
  • May experience cataplexy
24
Q

Sleep apnea

A
  • Sudden stops in breathing while sleeping
  • Hundreds of times every night
  • No recall of brief awakenings to resume breathing
  • Causes: Obesity, genetic predisposition
25
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A
  • “Crib Death”
  • Most common age is between one month and one year
  • associated with low birth weight, smoking, brainstem underdevelopment, and genetic factors
26
Q

Nightmares

A
  • Distressing or frightening stage 1 - REM sleep dreams
  • More toward morning when time to get up
27
Q

Sleep Terrors

A
  • Horrific images during Stage N3
  • Symptoms: bloodcurdling scream, frightened for 30 min, not recalling episode in the morning, common in little boys
28
Q

REM behavior disorder

A
  • Normal REM sleep paralysis does not occur
  • Sleepers move and act out in dreams
  • Can be dangerous
29
Q

Circadian rhythms

A
  • cued by cycles of light and darkness
  • Controlled by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
  • Located in hypothalamus
  • Linked to pineal gland
  • Secretes melatonin
30
Q

Its more difficult to travel ____ to ____ because of JET LAG

A

west to east

31
Q

Freuds dreams theory

A

Dreams are disguised as a form of wish fulfillment

32
Q

Freuds two concepts of dreaming

A

Manifest and Latent

33
Q

Manifest content

A

what you see in the dream

34
Q

Latent content

A

hidden meaning

35
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A
  • drugs that alter consciousness and other psychological processes
  • function at the synapse
36
Q

Agonists

A

bind to receptors to mimic neurotransmitters effect

37
Q

Antagonists

A

binds to receptors to block neurotransmitters effect

38
Q

Psychoactive drug examples:

A

1) Depressants: alcohol
2) Stimulants: amphetamines
3) Opiates
4) Hallucinogens

39
Q

Depressants

A
  • Reduces CNS activity by increasing an inhibitory neurotransmitter
40
Q

Effects of depressants

A

relaxation, drowsiness, and depression

41
Q

Alcohol

A
  • most used CNS depressant drug by far
  • reduces activity in cerebral cortex
  • impairs hippocampus
  • suppresses cerebellum
  • depresses the hindbrain (medulla) mechanisms
42
Q

Stimulants

A
  • increases the CNS activity
  • increases behavioral and mental activity
  • examples: amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine
43
Q

Opiates

A
  • relieves pain
  • drowsy effect; induces sleep
  • highly addictive
  • examples: morphine, heroin, codeine
44
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • called psychedelic drugs
  • creates a loss of contact with reality
  • causes feelings of distortion
  • dream like fantasies and hallucinations
  • examples: LSD, marijuana, ketamine

Psych (10 decks)

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