Exam 4 (Part 3) Perceptual Constancies

Question 1

Perceptual constancies

Answer 1

• Helps us see things as the same even if they appear to be changing
• Allows us to recognize familiar stimuli under varying conditions

Question 2

Size constancy

Answer 2

• Changes in size of a retinal image is interpreted as changes in distance
• Not changes in the actual size of the stimulus

Question 3

Shape constancy

Answer 3

• The perceived shape of an object remains the same, even when seen at different angles

Question 4

Brightness/Color constancy

Answer 4

• Brightness or color of object remains the same under different conditions of illumination

Question 5

Depth perception

Answer 5

• Distance between objects
• How far or near away objects are
• Two types of cues

Question 6

Binocular depth cues

Answer 6

• Require use of both eyes

Question 7

Eye convergence

Answer 7

• Produced by feedback from the muscles in your eyes
• Eyes rotate inward to view a close object or project it onto the retina

Question 8

Binocular disparity

Answer 8

• Also called retinal disparity
• Each eye sees slightly different image
• Slightly different viewing angle in each eye

Question 9

Monocular depth cues

Answer 9

• Cues about distance that requires only one eye

Question 10

Pictorial depth cues

Answer 10

Cues about distance that can be given in a flat picture

Question 11

Linear perspective

Answer 11

• Perception that parallel lines converge in the distance

Question 12

Interposition

Answer 12

• Also called superposition
• Objects closer to us may cut off parts of our view of more distance objects

Question 13

Elevations

Answer 13

• Height in plane
• Height on the horizontal plane

Question 14

Texture gradient

Answer 14

• Closer objects have greater detail

Question 15

Relative size

Answer 15

• If two objects are (thought to be) of similar size
• The one that looks smaller
• Will be judged to be farther away

Question 16

Non-Pictorial cues

Answer 16

Motion parallax and Ocular accommodation

Question 17

Motion parallax

Answer 17

If we are moving, then nearby objects appear to be moving faster than objects that are farther away

Question 18

Ocular accommodation

Answer 18

• Also called visual accommodation
• Ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus (focus on retina)

Question 19

2 types of motion

Answer 19

Real and Apparent

Question 20

Real motion

Answer 20

• Physical displacement of an object from one position to another
• Figure Ground: stimulus across different backgrounds

Question 21

Apparent motion

Answer 21

• Perception of motion when there is none
  1) Stroboscopic motion
  2) Auto-Kinetic effect