Exam 4 (Part 1) Auditory System

Question 1

accessory structure for hearing

Answer 1

ear

Question 2

stimulus for hearing

Answer 2

sound

Question 3

sound

Answer 3

• the repetitive fluctuation in the pressure of a medium such as air or water
• molecules of air or fluid collide and move apart

Question 4

amplitude for hearing

Answer 4

height from baseline to peak

Question 5

wavelength

Answer 5

distance from peak to peak

Question 6

frequency

Answer 6

cycles/seconds (Hz)

Question 7

Timbre (Tam-ber)

Answer 7

quality of the sound

Question 8

3 sections of the ear

Answer 8

Outer, Inner, Middle

Question 9

Outer ear holds…

Answer 9

Pinna, Auditory Canal

Question 10

Middle ear holds…

Answer 10

Tympanic Membrane, Ossicles, Oval Window

Question 11

Ossicles

Answer 11

Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrups)

Question 12

Inner ear holds…

Answer 12

Semi-Circular Canals, Cochlea, Auditory Nerve

Question 13

Pinna

Answer 13

Collects and shapes sounds

Question 14

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 14

Eardrum, vibrates

Question 15

Oval Window

Answer 15

Sound vibrations pass through

Question 16

Semi-circular canals and Vestibular sacs

Answer 16

Fluid filled organs for equilibrium

Question 17

Cochlea

Answer 17

• Snail like structure
• Houses organ of corti
• Hair cells
• Transduction occurs here
• Hair cells connect to auditory nerve

Question 18

Hair cells

Answer 18

The receptor cells for ear

Question 19

Auditory nerve

Answer 19

• Acoustic Nerve
• Bundle of nerves that go into brain
• Brain to Thalamus to Auditory Cortex to Temporal Lobe

Question 20

Most delicate structures in the body

Answer 20

Middle ear and Inner Ear

Question 21

Damage to middle ear / inner ear

Answer 21

Deafness

Question 22

Two types of deafness

Answer 22

Conduction and nerve

Question 23

Conduction Deafness

Answer 23

• Bones in the middle ear fuse together and there’s damage to the tympanic membrane
• Prevents accurate conduction of vibrations

Question 24

Treatments for conduction deafness

Answer 24

• Surgery to break the ossicles apart
• Plastic replacement for ossicles
• Hearing aids

Question 25

Nerve deafness

Answer 25

• Inner ear problem, most commonly in cochlea and acoustic nerve
• Occurs gradually with age
• Possible environmental causes:
  - Exposure to loud sounds
  - Earbuds or personal stereo

Question 26

Treatments for nerve deafness

Answer 26

• Cochlear implant