Concepts Flashcards
1
Q
Concepts
A
- categories of objects, events, and ideas with common properties
- allow us to make a comparison to a category we already know
- 3 basic elements
2
Q
Defining attributes
A
- distinctive features (natural concepts do not have to have all the defining or distinctive features)
3
Q
Prototypes
A
- an image that captures the essence (most or all of the features) of the concept
- best representative of its category
- most people think that this is typical of that concept
4
Q
Exemplars
A
- actual memories of the concept
- episodic memory of the concept
(experience you had personally)
5
Q
Language
A
- a system of symbols
- two basic elements: symbols and rules
6
Q
Symbols
A
such as words
7
Q
Rules
A
for combining these symbols (syntax)
8
Q
Phoneme
A
- smallest unit of sound affecting speech
- English uses about 40 phonemes
- ex: t, b, ph, th
9
Q
Morpheme
A
- smallest units of meaningful sounds
- prefixes, suffixes, and root words
- ex: ly, pre, shoe
10
Q
Syntax
A
- grammatical rules
- used to combine words into phrases and sentences
- ex: subject-verb-object
11
Q
Pragmatist
A
- social conventions of language
- use of language in social settings
- ex: turn-taking, eye contact, whispering
12
Q
1st stage in language development
A
- First Year
- birth to 12 months
- crying - two months
- cooing/ long vowel sounds -
two months
- babbling/ vowel and
consonant combinations - six
months - around 10-12 months they start to understand several words and speak the first recognizable word
- earliest words tend to be nouns
-use holophrases and over extensions
13
Q
Holophrase
A
communicating with one word to communicate an entire sentence of meaning
14
Q
Overextension
A
using a word in more places then the meaning applies
15
Q
2nd year of language development
A
- 18-36 months
- vocabulary expands
dramatically
- learn several new words a
day
- know about 50 to 100
words by age of two
- first sentence
