Innate immunity to viruses

Question 1

Mechanisms of defenses for intracellular pathogens

Answer 1

NK cells and activated macrophages

Question 2

How does the innate immune system detect viruses?

Answer 2

Damage to host tissue, unique viral proteins, conserved features/patterns.

Question 3

How does imm. system detect damaged host tissue?

Answer 3

Damaged cells/tissue release PRR ligands.

Question 4

Non-enveloped viruses can get detected how?

Answer 4

unique viral proteins detected by PRR. Some are TLR ligands.

Question 5

How does TLR detect viral nucleic acid?

Answer 5

Nucleic acid in the endosome or free in cytoplasm.

Question 6

Detection of viral RNA in cytoplasm

Answer 6

Uncapped RNA binds RLR, induces MAVS oligomerization, activates IRF3 and NFκB. Activates interferon type

Question 7

Type I interferons

Answer 7

INF alpha and beta. . Activate antiviral response in an autocrine and paracrine manner

Question 8

Plasmacytoid DC

Answer 8

Interferon machine.

Question 9

Interferon NK response

Answer 9

Type I interferon drives proliferation and differentiation of NK cells.

Question 10

NK and CTLs

Answer 10

Both cytotoxic and produce IFN-γ. IFNγ activates macrophages. Their cytotoxicity are promoted by type I IFN or IL-12

Question 11

Antibodies

Answer 11

causes neutralization