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Immunology > Effector Cells: Cytolytic CD8+ T cells, TH1, and TH2 cells > Flashcards

Effector Cells: Cytolytic CD8+ T cells, TH1, and TH2 cells Flashcards

1
Q

M2 macrophage activation

A

Noninflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-β

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2
Q

How do APCs decern different pathogens?

A

Lots of different receptors for PAMPs like TLRs.

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3
Q

Cytokines released by TH17

A

IL-17, IL-22

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4
Q

When does differentation of T CD4 subtype happen?

A

During activation of naive CD4 T cells.

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5
Q

CD8 T effectors kill their target cells by…

A

release of cytotoxins across immunological synapse

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6
Q

TH17 defining transcription factor

A

ROR-γT

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7
Q

TH1 defining transcription factor

A

T-bet

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8
Q

Cytokines that induce TFH differentiation

A

ICOS-L, IL-6, IL-21

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9
Q

Cytokines that induce Treg differentiation

A

TGFβ, retinoic acid

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10
Q

What decides expression of particular fate-specifying cytokines?

A

Recognition of different types of pathogens by APCs, importantly dendritic cells

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11
Q

TH2 defining transcription factor

A

GATA-3

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12
Q

TH2 function

A

Activation of eosinophil, basophil, mast cells

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13
Q

Cytokines that induce TH2 differentiation

A

IL-4

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14
Q

Cytokines released by TH1

A

INF-γ

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15
Q

M2 macrophages function

A

Arginase-1-dependent smooth muscle contraction, secretion of growth factors and non-inflammatory cytokines, production of polyamines from arginine.

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16
Q

Treg defining transcription factor

A

FoxP3

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17
Q

TH17 function

A

Activation of neutrophils

18
Q

M1 macrophage function

A

Enhanced phagocytosis, acidification of endosomes, lyzosomes, expression of B7 and CD40 to activate T-cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
Antimicrobial peptides, ROSs and RONs from arginine.

19
Q

Where CD8 T cells keep their cytotoxins

A

Lytic granules (LG)

20
Q

Cytokines released by THFH

A

IL-21

21
Q

M1 macrophage activation requirements

A

INF-γ, co-stimulation by CD40L (on T-cell), PAMPS pr inflammatory cytokines

22
Q

IL-4 source and function

A

TH2 effectors, activates M2 macrophages

23
Q

Cytokines that induce TH1 differentiation

A

IFN-γ, IL-12

24
Q

How does T-cells get programmed to patrol specific areas

A

Homing integrins and chemokine receptors

25
Q

IL-13 source and function

A

TH2 effectors, increases intestinal epithelial turnover, increases smooth muscle cell contraction, activates M2 macrophages

26
Q

IL-5 source and function

A

TH2 effectors, eosinophil activation

27
Q

TFH

A

Activation and maturation of B-cells

28
Q

MAdCAM-1

A

Binds L-selctin and α4:β7 and controls migration of T-effector cells into the lamina propria of the gut

29
Q

Treg

A

Immunosupressive

30
Q

What does LGs induce?

A

Apoptosis in target cell

31
Q

Cytokines that induce TH17 differentiation

A

TGF-β, IL-6, IL-23

32
Q

INF-γ source and function

A

TH1 effectors, induces and activates macrophages classically to combat intracellular pathogens

33
Q

TH1 function

A

Activation of macrophage phagotosis

34
Q

THFH defining transcription factor

A

Bcl-6

35
Q

CD8 T effectors recognize target cells by…

A

Binding of antigen presented on MHC1.

36
Q

Cytokine signaling transduction happens by…

A

Dimerisation of receptor, phosphorylation of JAKs, phosphorylation and dimerisation of STATs.

37
Q

Can NK cells, macrophages, B-cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils add to the cytokine microenvironment?

A

Yes

38
Q

CCL25

A

Chemokine that is produced by intestinal epithelium, binds CCR9 on T-cells.

39
Q

Cytokines released by TH2

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

40
Q

Cytokines released by Treg

A

IL-10, TGF-β

Immunology (22 decks)

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