Effector Cells: Cytolytic CD8+ T cells, TH1, and TH2 cells Flashcards
M2 macrophage activation
Noninflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-β
How do APCs decern different pathogens?
Lots of different receptors for PAMPs like TLRs.
Cytokines released by TH17
IL-17, IL-22
When does differentation of T CD4 subtype happen?
During activation of naive CD4 T cells.
CD8 T effectors kill their target cells by…
release of cytotoxins across immunological synapse
TH17 defining transcription factor
ROR-γT
TH1 defining transcription factor
T-bet
Cytokines that induce TFH differentiation
ICOS-L, IL-6, IL-21
Cytokines that induce Treg differentiation
TGFβ, retinoic acid
What decides expression of particular fate-specifying cytokines?
Recognition of different types of pathogens by APCs, importantly dendritic cells
TH2 defining transcription factor
GATA-3
TH2 function
Activation of eosinophil, basophil, mast cells
Cytokines that induce TH2 differentiation
IL-4
Cytokines released by TH1
INF-γ
M2 macrophages function
Arginase-1-dependent smooth muscle contraction, secretion of growth factors and non-inflammatory cytokines, production of polyamines from arginine.
Treg defining transcription factor
FoxP3
TH17 function
Activation of neutrophils
M1 macrophage function
Enhanced phagocytosis, acidification of endosomes, lyzosomes, expression of B7 and CD40 to activate T-cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
Antimicrobial peptides, ROSs and RONs from arginine.
Where CD8 T cells keep their cytotoxins
Lytic granules (LG)
Cytokines released by THFH
IL-21
M1 macrophage activation requirements
INF-γ, co-stimulation by CD40L (on T-cell), PAMPS pr inflammatory cytokines
IL-4 source and function
TH2 effectors, activates M2 macrophages
Cytokines that induce TH1 differentiation
IFN-γ, IL-12
How does T-cells get programmed to patrol specific areas
Homing integrins and chemokine receptors
IL-13 source and function
TH2 effectors, increases intestinal epithelial turnover, increases smooth muscle cell contraction, activates M2 macrophages
IL-5 source and function
TH2 effectors, eosinophil activation
TFH
Activation and maturation of B-cells
MAdCAM-1
Binds L-selctin and α4:β7 and controls migration of T-effector cells into the lamina propria of the gut
Treg
Immunosupressive
What does LGs induce?
Apoptosis in target cell
Cytokines that induce TH17 differentiation
TGF-β, IL-6, IL-23
INF-γ source and function
TH1 effectors, induces and activates macrophages classically to combat intracellular pathogens
TH1 function
Activation of macrophage phagotosis
THFH defining transcription factor
Bcl-6
CD8 T effectors recognize target cells by…
Binding of antigen presented on MHC1.
Cytokine signaling transduction happens by…
Dimerisation of receptor, phosphorylation of JAKs, phosphorylation and dimerisation of STATs.
Can NK cells, macrophages, B-cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils add to the cytokine microenvironment?
Yes
CCL25
Chemokine that is produced by intestinal epithelium, binds CCR9 on T-cells.
Cytokines released by TH2
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Cytokines released by Treg
IL-10, TGF-β
