AIDS Flashcards
Compound workingas an immunosuppressive signaling molecule
Adenosine
ADA deficiency
Can’t deaminate adenosine to inosine; immunosupression, bubble boy
Lack of IFN-gamma receptor
Causes immunodeficiency due to inability to active NK cells in an innate immune response or T-cells in a adaptive one
HIV virus class
Lentivirus, retrovirus
HIV-1
Global distribution, more virulent. Passed down from chimpanzees to humans at least three times
HIV-2
Less virulent than 1, found in W. Africa and India. Originated in the Sooty Mangabey
Unique feature of HIV as a retrovirus
Can infect non-dividing cells.
Exogenous vs. endogenous retroviruses
Recent emigrants vs. ancient proviruses.
gag
Core proteins and matrix proteins
pol
RT, protease and integrase
Binding of virion to cell
Binds to CD4 and coreceptor
Antigenic variation
Due to error prone transcription of RNA-pol.
Coreceptors
CXCR4 on T-cells or CCR5 on monocytes, macrophages.
Infection from mucosal surface
Intraepithelial dendritic cells bind HIV with DC-SIGN. Virus is internalized and dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes.
AIDS
Decline in CD4 T cell results in an inability to mount an effective immune response
Used by host to control infection
Neutralizing antibodies and CD8 T cells.
Ability to resist anti-viral drugs
Due to high mutation rate
HAART
Highly ative antoretroviral therapy. Combination therapy with protease inhibitors, nucleoside analogs.
Elite neutralizers
Patients that make antibodies that effectively neutralizes HIV. Bind to one of four epitopes on gp120
gp120
Binds CD4
