AIDS

Question 1

Compound workingas an immunosuppressive signaling molecule

Answer 1

Adenosine

Question 2

ADA deficiency

Answer 2

Can’t deaminate adenosine to inosine; immunosupression, bubble boy

Question 3

Lack of IFN-gamma receptor

Answer 3

Causes immunodeficiency due to inability to active NK cells in an innate immune response or T-cells in a adaptive one

Question 4

HIV virus class

Answer 4

Lentivirus, retrovirus

Question 5

HIV-1

Answer 5

Global distribution, more virulent. Passed down from chimpanzees to humans at least three times

Question 6

HIV-2

Answer 6

Less virulent than 1, found in W. Africa and India. Originated in the Sooty Mangabey

Question 7

Unique feature of HIV as a retrovirus

Answer 7

Can infect non-dividing cells.

Question 8

Exogenous vs. endogenous retroviruses

Answer 8

Recent emigrants vs. ancient proviruses.

Question 9

gag

Answer 9

Core proteins and matrix proteins

Question 10

pol

Answer 10

RT, protease and integrase

Question 11

Binding of virion to cell

Answer 11

Binds to CD4 and coreceptor

Question 12

Antigenic variation

Answer 12

Due to error prone transcription of RNA-pol.

Question 13

Coreceptors

Answer 13

CXCR4 on T-cells or CCR5 on monocytes, macrophages.

Question 14

Infection from mucosal surface

Answer 14

Intraepithelial dendritic cells bind HIV with DC-SIGN. Virus is internalized and dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes.

Question 15

AIDS

Answer 15

Decline in CD4 T cell results in an inability to mount an effective immune response

Question 16

Used by host to control infection

Answer 16

Neutralizing antibodies and CD8 T cells.

Question 17

Ability to resist anti-viral drugs

Answer 17

Due to high mutation rate

Question 18

HAART

Answer 18

Highly ative antoretroviral therapy. Combination therapy with protease inhibitors, nucleoside analogs.

Question 19

Elite neutralizers

Answer 19

Patients that make antibodies that effectively neutralizes HIV. Bind to one of four epitopes on gp120

Question 20

gp120

Answer 20

Binds CD4