Innate immunity: the induced response to infection

Question 1

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 1

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.

Question 2

Detection of microbes

Answer 2

PPRs bind MAMPs or PAMPs

Question 3

PPR activation induces what? (not TLR)

Answer 3

Uptake in phagosome.

Question 4

TLR activation active

Answer 4

Cytokine production

Question 5

LPS is recognized by

Answer 5

TLRs

Question 6

MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6, IKK, NFκB are components of

Answer 6

TLR signaling, induction of inflammatory cytokines

Question 7

Il-1, TNF-α

Answer 7

Induce vascular permeability, enabling entry of immune cells.

Question 8

Il-6

Answer 8

Induces fat, muscle metab, raises temperatur.

Question 9

NOD-like receptors

Answer 9

Detects cytosolic bacteria.

Question 10

Neutrophilic activation

Answer 10

Reserves of neutrophils in bone marrow are releases and travels to site of infection. Kill bacteria and die in the process.

Question 11

How does neutrophils know where to go?

Answer 11

Activation of endothelial cells to bind neutrophils. They find the site in tissue by a gradient of IL-8.

Question 12

How does neutrophils kill bateria?

Answer 12

Phagocytosis, directly or through complement binding. Respiratory bursts