Innate Immunity: Anatomical And Physical Barriers

Question 1

What is the first line of defense called?

Answer 1

Innate immunity

Question 2

Is innate immunity specific or non-specific?

Answer 2

Non-specific

Question 3

What is the second line of defense called?

Answer 3

Adaptive immunity

Question 4

Is adaptive immunity specific or-non-specific?

Answer 4

Specific

Question 5

What are the 2 components of the immune systems?

Answer 5

Cellular and humoral

Question 6

When do we develop innate immunity?

Answer 6

At birth

Question 7

What is the 1st line of defense for innate immunity?

Answer 7

Skin, mucous membranes,chemicals

Question 8

What is the 2nd line of defense for innate immunity?

Answer 8

Phagocytosis, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever

Question 9

What is the mechanical factor of the respiratory tract?

Answer 9

Ciliary movement

Question 10

What is the mechanical factor of the intestinal tract?

Answer 10

Peristaltic movement

Question 11

What is the mechanical factor of the skin?

Answer 11

Self- cleansing, hair coat

Question 12

What is the mechanical factor of washing done by?

Answer 12

Tears or saliva

Question 13

Where does the mechanical factor of a dense mucus layer come from?

Answer 13

Vagina, digestive tract, respiratory tract

Question 14

How do all mechanisms defend the body?

Answer 14

By mechanically removing infectious microorganisms and preventing entry

Question 15

T/F: some of the innate mechanisms involved in the protection of the respiratory tract against infection and the influence of particle size on the size of deposition of particles within the respiratory tract

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the sticky, viscous substance that coats epithelial cell layers and avoids microorganisms attachment?

Answer 16

Mucus

Question 17

What inhibits growth of bacteria?

Answer 17

Fatty acids?

Question 18

What is present in tears, saliva, secretions of nasal tract and inhibit the growth of infectious agents?

Answer 18

Lysozyme and phospholipase

Question 19

What component of sweat and gastric juices has antibacterial effects?

Answer 19

Low pH

Question 20

What is an example of a surfactant in lungs that enhances phagocytosis?

Answer 20

Opsonins

Question 21

What on the skin and digestive tract prevents infection by secreting inhibitory substances that inhibit colonization and growth of infectious microorganisms?

Answer 21

Normal biota

Question 22

What does the gastric mucosa secrete that has a pH of 2 or less?

Answer 22

HCl

Question 23

What does bile and the pancreas secrete?

Answer 23

Detergents

Question 24

The skin has sebaceous glands, what is the name of the water repellent and acidic secretion?

Answer 24

Sebum

Question 25

What are the positive charged proteins that insert into negative charged microbial membranes and punch holes into them?

Answer 25

Defensins and Cathelicidins

Question 26

What is found in milk and sequesters iron, making it unavailable for bacteria growth?

Answer 26

Lactoferrin

Question 27

What generates reactive oxygen compounds that damage microbes?

Answer 27

Lactoperoxidase

Question 28

What cells from the intestine of horses are filled with large eosinophilic granules and are the major source of intestinal defensins?

Answer 28

Paneth cells

Question 29

In healthy animals, do commensalism bacteria, present in digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts, produce disease?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What type of bacteria compete with pathogens for nutrients and space?

Answer 30

Commensal bacteria

Question 31

What type of bacteria have an influence on the intestine development and the adaptive immune response?

Answer 31

Commensal bacteria

Question 32

What bacterial flora excludes pathogens from body surfaces by competition?

Answer 32

Normal bacterial flora