Innate Immunity: Anatomical And Physical Barriers Flashcards
What is the first line of defense called?
Innate immunity
Is innate immunity specific or non-specific?
Non-specific
What is the second line of defense called?
Adaptive immunity
Is adaptive immunity specific or-non-specific?
Specific
What are the 2 components of the immune systems?
Cellular and humoral
When do we develop innate immunity?
At birth
What is the 1st line of defense for innate immunity?
Skin, mucous membranes,chemicals
What is the 2nd line of defense for innate immunity?
Phagocytosis, complement, interferon, inflammation, fever
What is the mechanical factor of the respiratory tract?
Ciliary movement
What is the mechanical factor of the intestinal tract?
Peristaltic movement
What is the mechanical factor of the skin?
Self- cleansing, hair coat
What is the mechanical factor of washing done by?
Tears or saliva
Where does the mechanical factor of a dense mucus layer come from?
Vagina, digestive tract, respiratory tract
How do all mechanisms defend the body?
By mechanically removing infectious microorganisms and preventing entry
T/F: some of the innate mechanisms involved in the protection of the respiratory tract against infection and the influence of particle size on the size of deposition of particles within the respiratory tract
True
What is the sticky, viscous substance that coats epithelial cell layers and avoids microorganisms attachment?
Mucus
What inhibits growth of bacteria?
Fatty acids?
What is present in tears, saliva, secretions of nasal tract and inhibit the growth of infectious agents?
Lysozyme and phospholipase
What component of sweat and gastric juices has antibacterial effects?
Low pH
What is an example of a surfactant in lungs that enhances phagocytosis?
Opsonins
What on the skin and digestive tract prevents infection by secreting inhibitory substances that inhibit colonization and growth of infectious microorganisms?
Normal biota
What does the gastric mucosa secrete that has a pH of 2 or less?
HCl
What does bile and the pancreas secrete?
Detergents
The skin has sebaceous glands, what is the name of the water repellent and acidic secretion?
Sebum
What are the positive charged proteins that insert into negative charged microbial membranes and punch holes into them?
Defensins and Cathelicidins
What is found in milk and sequesters iron, making it unavailable for bacteria growth?
Lactoferrin
What generates reactive oxygen compounds that damage microbes?
Lactoperoxidase
What cells from the intestine of horses are filled with large eosinophilic granules and are the major source of intestinal defensins?
Paneth cells
In healthy animals, do commensalism bacteria, present in digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts, produce disease?
No
What type of bacteria compete with pathogens for nutrients and space?
Commensal bacteria
What type of bacteria have an influence on the intestine development and the adaptive immune response?
Commensal bacteria
What bacterial flora excludes pathogens from body surfaces by competition?
Normal bacterial flora
