Cellular Annate Immunity Flashcards
What is the name of bone-marrow derived cells?
Neutrophils
What type of cells are called polymorphonuclear?
Neutrophils
What cells have neutral cytoplasm granules?
Neutrophils
What type of cells are sequestered in liver, spleen, bone marrow and lungs?
Neutrophils
What type of cells delivery a rapid response to invaders?
Neutrophils
What type of cells are first line of defense and are phagocytic?
Neutrophils
Where are neutrophils located?
Blood circulation
What is the sequence of Rolling- Adherence-Emigration-Chemotaxis of?
Neutrophils
What migrates to high chemokine concentrations?
Neutrophils
What are mannose binding lectin, fibronectin, complement, antibodies?
Opsonins
What type of traps prevent microorganisms from spreading, captures and kills bacteria, and made of DNA strands?
Neutrophil extracellular traps
Do neutrophils kill smaller or bigger microorganisms?
Bigger
What process involves- Microorganism is engulfed- Phagosome- and Microorganisms destruction?
Ingestion
Hypochlorite, Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen, are example of what type of species?
Reactive oxygen species- Respiratory burst
When are reactive oxygen species produced?
By neutrophils in the presence of pathogens
What does CD stand for?
Cluster of differentiation
Do neutrophils have receptors for complement proteins? What are they called?
Complement receptors
Antibody receptor, complement receptor, and cell adhesion molecules all make up what?
Neutrophil receptors- CD
What are bone marrow-derived cells called when they are in the blood stream?
Monocytes
What type of cells produce cytokines and chemokines?
Macrophages
What type of cells are long-lived and sentinel?
Macrophages
Which cells main role is in inflammation and tissue repair?
Macrophages
What are macrophages called when they are found in the serosa, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes?
Macrophages
What are macrophages called when they are found in the brain?
Macrophages
What are macrophages called when they are found in connective tissue?
Histiocytes
What are macrophages called when they are found in the liver?
Kupffer cells
What are macrophages called when they are found in the lungs?
Alveolar and intravascular macrophages
What cells migrate from blood vessels to tissues?
Macrophages
What cells are increased and sustained phagocytic activity as compared with neutrophils?
Macrophages
What are Nitrogen dioxide, nitrate, dinitrogen tetroxide, and nitryl chloride examples of?
Reactive nitrogen species- macrophages
What are the 2 types of macrophage polarizations?
M1 and M2
What type of macrophage polarization is: Host defense- inflammation?
M1
What type of macrophage polarization is: Suppress inflammation- tissue repair?
M2
What are transport, cytokine, complement, antibody, and other receptors examples of?
Macrophage receptors
In dogs, where does the majority of bacteria clearance by macrophages done by?
Liver/spleen
In cats, where does the majority of bacteria clearance by macrophages done by?
Lungs
What is the result of neutrophil enzymes degraded, and cytokines and lipids not released?
Removal of dying neutrophils
Persistent infection and inflammation, continuous M2 polarization, and increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition are examples of what type of inflammation?
Chronic inflammation
What does chronic inflammation result in?
Granuloma
