Inflammation 1- Innate Immunity Flashcards
What is the first line of defense against microbes and that prevents infection of the host and, in many cases, can eliminate the microbes before the development of adaptive immune response?
Inflammation
What mechanism of the innate immunity are often used to eliminate microbes even in adaptive immune response?
Effector mechanism
What immunity to microbes stimulates adaptive immune responses and can influence the nature of adaptive responses to make them optimal effective against different types of microbes?
Innate immunity
What immunity can recognize structures that are characteristic of microbial pathogens and are not present on mammalian cells?
Innate immunity
What immune system has evolved to recognize microbial products that are often essential for survival of the microbes?
Innate immune system
What of the innate immune system are encoded germ line?
Receptors
What does PAMPs stand for?
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
What does MAMPs stand for?
Microbe associated molecular patterns
What are PAMPs recognized by?
Receptors
Pro inflammatory signals, cytokine release, and phagocytosis are what?
Receptor functions
What are toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and retinoic acid inducible gene-like receptors?
Receptor families
What receptors are transmembrane proteins and recognize PAMPs?
Toll-like
What receptors are expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells?
Toll-like
What receptors epithelium is exposed to the external environment?
Toll-like
What does each TLR (toll-like receptors) detect?
A different set of PAMPs
What are gram negative TLR PAMPs?
LPS and Peptidoglycan
What is a gram positive and acid fast TLR PAMP?
Peptidoglycan
Bacterial DNA and RNA, flagellum, and profilin-like proteins are what types of TLRs?
PAMPs
TLR4-LPS, what is the source of this ligand?
Bacteria and viruses
The binding of PAMPs, such as LPS, to a TLR generates a signaling cascade involving 3 major signaling molecules and activates what?
Several transcription factors
What is the final product of gene expression?
Proteins
What is the main function of transcriptional factors?
Regulate gene expression
What does NOD-like receptors stand for?
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors
What type of receptors do NOD-like receptors (NLR’s) have?
Cytosol
What is the second line of detection of bacteria and viruses that make heir way into the cytoplasm?
NLRs
What receptors are not membrane bound but float into the cytoplasm?
NLR’s
Which 2 types or NOD- like receptors initiate signaling cascades that results in Nuclear factor leading the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines and chemokines?
NOD 1 or 2
What do NOD 1 and 2 bind to?
Bacterial Peptidoglycans
What does RIG-Like receptors (RLS’s) stand for?
Retinoic acid inducible gene- like receptors
Which receptors detect the presence of viral RNA?
RLR’s
What does the intracellular signaling result in: NF activation, and the expression of what?
Type 1 interferon
What does CLR’s stand for?
C type lectin receptors
What can be assembled by the activation of TLR and NOD-like receptors?
Inflammasome
What is the results of pattern recognition receptors?
Phagocytosis of bacteria
What is the result of DAMPs?
Apoptotic cell- no release of DAMPs
What does HMGP-1 stand for?
High mobility group box protein- 1
What is an example of a DAMP, which is a protein inducer of inflammation?
HMGP- 1
