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Immunology Exam 1 > Inflammation 1- Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Inflammation 1- Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line of defense against microbes and that prevents infection of the host and, in many cases, can eliminate the microbes before the development of adaptive immune response?

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

What mechanism of the innate immunity are often used to eliminate microbes even in adaptive immune response?

A

Effector mechanism

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3
Q

What immunity to microbes stimulates adaptive immune responses and can influence the nature of adaptive responses to make them optimal effective against different types of microbes?

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

What immunity can recognize structures that are characteristic of microbial pathogens and are not present on mammalian cells?

A

Innate immunity

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5
Q

What immune system has evolved to recognize microbial products that are often essential for survival of the microbes?

A

Innate immune system

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6
Q

What of the innate immune system are encoded germ line?

A

Receptors

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7
Q

What does PAMPs stand for?

A

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

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8
Q

What does MAMPs stand for?

A

Microbe associated molecular patterns

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9
Q

What are PAMPs recognized by?

A

Receptors

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10
Q

Pro inflammatory signals, cytokine release, and phagocytosis are what?

A

Receptor functions

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11
Q

What are toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and retinoic acid inducible gene-like receptors?

A

Receptor families

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12
Q

What receptors are transmembrane proteins and recognize PAMPs?

A

Toll-like

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13
Q

What receptors are expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells?

A

Toll-like

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14
Q

What receptors epithelium is exposed to the external environment?

A

Toll-like

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15
Q

What does each TLR (toll-like receptors) detect?

A

A different set of PAMPs

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16
Q

What are gram negative TLR PAMPs?

A

LPS and Peptidoglycan

17
Q

What is a gram positive and acid fast TLR PAMP?

A

Peptidoglycan

18
Q

Bacterial DNA and RNA, flagellum, and profilin-like proteins are what types of TLRs?

A

PAMPs

19
Q

TLR4-LPS, what is the source of this ligand?

A

Bacteria and viruses

20
Q

The binding of PAMPs, such as LPS, to a TLR generates a signaling cascade involving 3 major signaling molecules and activates what?

A

Several transcription factors

21
Q

What is the final product of gene expression?

A

Proteins

22
Q

What is the main function of transcriptional factors?

A

Regulate gene expression

23
Q

What does NOD-like receptors stand for?

A

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors

24
Q

What type of receptors do NOD-like receptors (NLR’s) have?

A

Cytosol

25
Q

What is the second line of detection of bacteria and viruses that make heir way into the cytoplasm?

A

NLRs

26
Q

What receptors are not membrane bound but float into the cytoplasm?

A

NLR’s

27
Q

Which 2 types or NOD- like receptors initiate signaling cascades that results in Nuclear factor leading the expression of pro inflammatory cytokines and chemokines?

A

NOD 1 or 2

28
Q

What do NOD 1 and 2 bind to?

A

Bacterial Peptidoglycans

29
Q

What does RIG-Like receptors (RLS’s) stand for?

A

Retinoic acid inducible gene- like receptors

30
Q

Which receptors detect the presence of viral RNA?

A

RLR’s

31
Q

What does the intracellular signaling result in: NF activation, and the expression of what?

A

Type 1 interferon

32
Q

What does CLR’s stand for?

A

C type lectin receptors

33
Q

What can be assembled by the activation of TLR and NOD-like receptors?

A

Inflammasome

34
Q

What is the results of pattern recognition receptors?

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

35
Q

What is the result of DAMPs?

A

Apoptotic cell- no release of DAMPs

36
Q

What does HMGP-1 stand for?

A

High mobility group box protein- 1

37
Q

What is an example of a DAMP, which is a protein inducer of inflammation?

A

HMGP- 1

Immunology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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