Innate Immunity Flashcards
Why do we have innate immunity?
Adaptive immune response is too slow to protect us from new pathogens (especially viruses)
Which type of immunity (adaptive or innate) provides sterile immunity?
Adaptive
Give the sites of microbe entry (7)
Conjunctiva (eyes) Insect into capillary Scratch Anus Gut infections Respiratory tract Urinogenital tract
Give the 7 components of innate immunity
Physical barriers Chemical barriers Phagocytes Inflammation Cytokines/chemokines Complement Natural killer cells
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
To localise and eliminate injurious agents and to remove damaged tissue components
What does the inflammatory response enhance (4)?
Permeability and extravasion, neutrophil recruitment, cell adhesion and clotting
What is the inflammatory response triggered by?
The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the site of infections
What are cytokines and chemokines?
Glycoprotein hormones that affect immune response
How do cytokines act?
To modify the behaviour of cells in the immune response
What are most cytokines
Interleukins
How do chemokines act?
As chemotactic factors- creating concentration gradients that attract (or repel) specific cell types to the site of infection
What is the effect of IL-1?
Enhances response and induces acute-phase secretion
What is the effect of IL-6?
Enhances response and induces acute-phase secretion
What is the effect of IL-8/CXCL8?
Chemoattractant for neutrophils
What is the effect of IL-12?
Diverts immune response to type 1 pro inflammatory and cytokine secretion
What is the effect of TNF-alpha?
Induces changes in vascular endothelium
What is the main producer of IL-1?
Macrophages and keratinocytes
What is the main producer of IL-6?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is the main producer of IL-8?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is the main producer of IL-12?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is the main producer of TNF-alpha?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What does IL-1 act upon?
Lymphocytes and liver