Infectious Agents: Description Of Pathogenic Microorganisms

Question 1

What are the four types of pathogens?

Answer 1

Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites

Question 2

How do you write species’ names?

Answer 2

In italics. The first letter of the first word is capitalised and the first letter of the second word is always lowercase

Question 3

Name the levels of hierarchy of organisms (10)

Answer 3

Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum 
Class 
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Strain 
Isolate

Question 4

What is the isolate in a hierarchy?

Answer 4

A particular pathogen from a particular person

Question 5

How can you identify viruses?

Answer 5

By their shape

Question 6

How do you see viruses?

Answer 6

Through electron microscopes

Question 7

What size are viruses?

Answer 7

20-300nm

Question 8

Can viruses have DNA or RNA?

Answer 8

Both

Question 9

Do viruses have cytoplasm?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Are viruses enveloped or non-enveloped?

Answer 10

Can be both depending on the strain

Question 11

What does an organism being ‘enveloped’ mean?

Answer 11

With an outer membrane

Question 12

What forms do the genetic material in viruses come in (4)?

Answer 12

Linear, segmented, single or double stranded

Question 13

What is an ‘obligate intracellular organism’?

Answer 13

An organism that can only replicate inside cells

Question 14

What is the size range of a bacteria?

Answer 14

0.5-3um

Question 15

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic

Question 16

What type of DNA does bacteria have?

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

How do bacteria replicate?

Answer 17

Binary fission

Question 18

What do pili and fimbria do?

Answer 18

Allow bacteria to attach to surfaces

Question 19

What do flagella do?

Answer 19

Allow the bacteria to be motile

Question 20

How do you separate out gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

Answer 20

With a stain
+Ve stains dark purple/black
-ve stains pink

Question 21

Give the four steps in binary fission

Answer 21

• Genome replicates
• genes move to either side of bacteria
• septum forms down the middle of the bacteria
• bacteria splits

Question 22

What does the outer circle of a gene sequence mean?

Answer 22

Colour coded for the metabolic potential of the gene

Question 23

What size are fungi?

Answer 23

Over 2 micrometers

Question 24

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 24

Eukaryotic

Question 25

What type of DNA do fungi have?

Answer 25

Haploid or diploid

Question 26

How many nuclei do fungi have?

Answer 26

Single or multiple

Question 27

What is the fungi cell wall made up of?

Answer 27

Chitin

Question 28

What are the two types of fungi?

Answer 28

Yeast or filamenous form/moulds

Question 29

What is classification of yeast based on (3)?

Answer 29

Morphology, mode of reproduction and disease caused

Question 30

What does morphology mean?

Answer 30

Growth form

Question 31

What are the three types of infection caused by fungi?

Answer 31

Superficial mycoses
Cutaneous
Systemic

Question 32

Give an example of a superficial mycose

Answer 32

Thrush

Question 33

Give an example of a cutaneous fungal infection

Answer 33

Ringworm

Question 34

Give an example of a systemic fungal infection

Answer 34

Histoplasmosis

Question 35

Are parasites eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 35

Eukaryotes

Question 36

What are Protozoa?

Answer 36

Single celled organisms

Question 37

What is the size of a Protozoa?

Answer 37

5-300um

Question 38

How many nuclei do Protozoa have?

Answer 38

Single or multiple nuclei

Question 39

What type of DNA do Protozoa have?

Answer 39

Haploid DNA

Question 40

What are helminths?

Answer 40

Multicellular parasitic worms

Question 41

What are the three types of helminths?

Answer 41

Cestodes
Trematodes
Nematodes

Question 42

What are cestodes?

Answer 42

Tapeworms

Question 43

What are trematodes?

Answer 43

Flatworms or flukes

Question 44

What are nematodes?

Answer 44

Roundworms